congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A condition involving the kidneys (see nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) which exists at, and usually before, birth. Congenital refers to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation.

characterized

DEFINITION:

Marked or distinguished as a characteristic.

distal nephron

DEFINITION:

See nephron.

arginine vasopressin

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin containing arginine, as that from most mammals, including man.

presentation

DEFINITION:

In obstetrics, that portion of the fetus which is touched by the examining finger through the cervix or, during labor, is bounded by the girdle of resistance.

congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A condition involving the kidneys (see nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) which exists at, and usually before, birth. Congenital refers to conditions that are present at birth, regardless of their causation.

presentation

DEFINITION:

In obstetrics, that portion of the fetus which is touched by the examining finger through the cervix or, during labor, is bounded by the girdle of resistance.

anorexia

DEFINITION:

Lack or loss of the appetite for food.

failure to thrive

DEFINITION:

Lack of expected growth in an infant, usually assessed by comparing the rate at which a baby gains weight with a standardized growth chart. Babies who fail to thrive are not growing enough in relation to birth weight.The undernourishment may be due to some problem at home, often an unsatisfactory relationship between parent and child. In some cases, the child is actually neglected. Deprived children often have delayed emotional and intellectual development as well as failure to thrive.

If a baby fails to gain weight despite receiving an adequate diet and having a stable family background, other conditions may be responsible. Failure to thrive can indicate a serious problem, such as congenital heart disease, renal failure, or malabsorption.

A baby who fails to thrive is often observed (along with a parent) for a week or two to see how the parent feeds and handles the baby. The baby's diet and weight are carefully monitored. If there are social problems, support for the family can be initiated.

phenotype

DEFINITION:

1. The entire physical, biochemical, and physiological makeup of an individual as determined both genetically and environmentally, as opposed to genotype.
2. The expression of a single gene or gene pair.

genetic

DEFINITION:

1. Relating to or determined by the origin, development, or causal antecedents of something.

2. Of, relating to, or being a gene.

hydrochlorothiazide

DEFINITION:

A thiazide diuretic, used for treatment of hypertension and edema; administered orally. It is often used in combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic.

amiloride

DEFINITION:

Amiloride hydrochloride - a potassium-sparing diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules and the collecting tubule; used in conjunction with a loop or thiazide diuretic for the treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension and for the prophylaxis and treatment of hypokalemia; administered orally.

hydronephrosis

DEFINITION:

Distention of the pelvis and calices of the kidney with urine, as a result of obstruction of the ureter.

rupture

DEFINITION:

1. Forcible tearing or disruption of tissue.
2. A hernia.

urinary tract

DEFINITION:

The organs and passageways that participate in the excretion of the urine from the kidneys through the bladder and the urinary meatus.

The urinary tract consists of the kidneys (with their blood and nerve supplies), the renal pelves (funnel-shaped ducts that channel urine from the kidneys into the ureters), the ureters, bladder, and urethra.

The kidneys make urine by filtering blood. The urine collects in the renal pelves and then passes down the ureters into the bladder by gravity and by peristalsis (wavelike contractions of the ureteric walls). Urine is then stored in the bladder until a sufficient amount is present to stimulate micturition (passage of urine). When the bladder contracts, the urine is expelled from the body via the urethra.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.