aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

immunofluorescence

DEFINITION:

The labeling of antigens or antibodies with fluorescent dyes
for the purpose of demonstrating the presence of corresponding antibodies or antigens in a
tissue preparation or smear.

apical plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

Indicating the apex of the plasma membrane.

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

concomitant

DEFINITION:

Accompanying; accessory; joined with another.

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

vesicles

DEFINITION:

1. Small bladders or sacs containing liquid.
2. Small circumscribed epidermal elevations, usually containing a clear fluid.

urine output

DEFINITION:

The amount of urine excreted by the kidneys.

N

DEFINITION:

Symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

cDNA probe

DEFINITION:

See probe, definition 2.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

RNA probe

DEFINITION:

See probe , definition 2.

band

DEFINITION:

An elongated area with parallel or roughly parallel borders that is distinct from the surrounding surface by its color, texture, or other characteristics. See chromosome band.

corresponding

DEFINITION:

Agreeing or conforming.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

control experiments

DEFINITION:

Experiments that are made under standard conditions, to test the correctness of other observations; see also control.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

N

DEFINITION:

Symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal.

7 transmembrane domain

DEFINITION:

The seventh region (domain) of the transmembrane V2R. See schematic drawing of the V2R.

N

DEFINITION:

Symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal.

intravenous

DEFINITION:

Within a vein or veins.

saline

DEFINITION:

Salty; of the nature of a salt; containing a salt or salts.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

receptor

DEFINITION:

1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterized by (1) selective binding of a specific substance and (2) a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, e.g., membrane receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments, and immunoglobulins and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones.

2. A sensory nerve terminal that responds to stimuli of various kinds; classified in various ways including by the type of stimulus and by the location in the body.

V2 receptor - The structure to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

antagonist

DEFINITION:

1. A muscle whose action is the direct opposite of that of another muscle.

2. A substance that tends to nullify the action of another, as a drug that binds to a cell receptor without eliciting a biological response, blocking binding of substances that could elicit such responses.

3. A tooth in one jaw that articulates with a tooth in the other jaw.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

N

DEFINITION:

Symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal.

diuresis

DEFINITION:

Increased excretion of urine.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

V2-receptor blockade

DEFINITION:

See blockade.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

urine output

DEFINITION:

The amount of urine excreted by the kidneys.

regulation

DEFINITION:

1. The act of adjusting or state or being adjusted to a certain standard.
2. In biology, the adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.
3. The power to form a whole embryo from stages before the gastrula.

AQP2 expression

DEFINITION:

The process, or the regulation of the process, by which the effects of the aquaporin-2 gene are manifested.

modulation

DEFINITION:

1. The act of tempering or toning down.
2. In cytology, the normal capacity of cell adaptability to its environment.
3. Embryologic induction in a specific region.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

regulated

DEFINITION:

1. Having been adjusted to a certain standard.

2. In biology, describing the adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

receptor

DEFINITION:

1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterized by (1) selective binding of a specific substance and (2) a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, e.g., membrane receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments, and immunoglobulins and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones.

2. A sensory nerve terminal that responds to stimuli of various kinds; classified in various ways including by the type of stimulus and by the location in the body.

V2 receptor - The structure to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.