adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

tubular

DEFINITION:

Shaped like a tube; of or pertaining to a tubule.

transport

DEFINITION:

The movement of materials in biological systems, particularly into and out of cells and across epithelial layers.

collecting ducts

DEFINITION:

Renal collecting tubules: the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

modulate

DEFINITION:

See modulation .

transport

DEFINITION:

The movement of materials in biological systems, particularly into and out of cells and across epithelial layers.

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

pathway

DEFINITION:

1. A path or course, especially a course followed in the attainment of a specific end.
2. The nerve structures through which an impulse passes between groups of nerve cells or between the central nervous system and an organ or muscle.
3. Metabolic pathway.

conversion

DEFINITION:

1. A shift from one form or state to another.

2. An unconscious defense mechanism by which the anxiety that stems from intrapsychic conflict is converted and expressed in a symbolic somatic manifestation.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

AMP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for adenosine monophosphate.

metabolism

DEFINITION:

1. The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organized substance is produced and maintained (anabolism), and also the transformation by which energy is made available for uses of the organism ( catabolism ).

2. Biotransformation.

AMP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for adenosine monophosphate.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

pathway

DEFINITION:

1. A path or course, especially a course followed in the attainment of a specific end.
2. The nerve structures through which an impulse passes between groups of nerve cells or between the central nervous system and an organ or muscle.
3. Metabolic pathway.

conducted

DEFINITION:

Having been transferred or conveyed (such as sound waves, heat, nervous impulses, or electricity).

CD cells

DEFINITION:

Collecting duct cells. (See JAB-632, et al.)

culture

DEFINITION:

1. The propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media conducive to their growth.

2. A growth of microorganisms or other living cells.

3. To induce the propagation of microorganisms or living tissue cells in media conducive to their growth.

4. The customary beliefs, social form, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.

purity

DEFINITION:

The quality or state of being pure.

microscopy

DEFINITION:

Examination under or observation by means of the microscope.

Western blotting

DEFINITION:

A technique for analyzing and identifying protein antigens: the proteins are separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, then transferred ("blotted") onto a nitrocellulose membrane or treated paper, where they bind in the same pattern as they formed in the gel. The antigen is overlaid first with antibody, then with anti - immunoglobulin or protein A labeled with radioisotope, fluorescent dye, or enzyme.

aquaporin-1

DEFINITION:

Also known as CHIP-28, aquaporin-1 is the major water channel of the red blood cells. In the kidneys, it is involved in the reabsorption of most of the waste filtered through the glomerula.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

BSC-1

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for type 1 bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter.

TSC

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter.

RT-PCR

DEFINITION:

Acronym for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

receptors

DEFINITION:

See definitions under "receptor."

CD cells

DEFINITION:

Collecting duct cells. (See JAB-632, et al.)

culture

DEFINITION:

1. The propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media conducive to their growth.

2. A growth of microorganisms or other living cells.

3. To induce the propagation of microorganisms or living tissue cells in media conducive to their growth.

4. The customary beliefs, social form, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.

exogenous

DEFINITION:

1. Produced by growth from superficial tissue.

2. Introduced from or produced outside the organism or system; specif: not synthesized within the organism or system.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

AMP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for adenosine monophosphate.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

CD cells

DEFINITION:

Collecting duct cells. (See JAB-632, et al.)

culture

DEFINITION:

1. The propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media conducive to their growth.

2. A growth of microorganisms or other living cells.

3. To induce the propagation of microorganisms or living tissue cells in media conducive to their growth.

4. The customary beliefs, social form, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.

conversion

DEFINITION:

1. A shift from one form or state to another.

2. An unconscious defense mechanism by which the anxiety that stems from intrapsychic conflict is converted and expressed in a symbolic somatic manifestation.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

AMP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for adenosine monophosphate.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

broad-spectrum

DEFINITION:

1. Noting an antibiotic effective against a wide range of organisms.

2. A broad range of varied, but related ideas or objects, the individual features of which tend to overlap so as to form a continuous series or sequence.

inhibitor

DEFINITION:

1. Any substance that interferes with a chemical reaction, growth, or other biological activity.

2. A chemical substance that inhibits an enzyme reaction.

blocker

DEFINITION:

Something that obstructs passage or activity.

alpha

DEFINITION:

1. The first letter of the Greek alphabet (A or α).

2. Something first; beginning.

beta

DEFINITION:

[B, β] The second letter of the Greek alphabet.

As Beta - The beets, a genus of herbaceous plants of the family Chenopodiaceae. Beta vulgaris (L.) is the sugar beet, a commercial source of sucrose. The leafy tops of beets are rich in oxalates and can cause oxalate poisoning in animals that eat them in large amounts.

methylene

DEFINITION:

A bivalent hydrocarbon radical —CH₂— or CH₂==. Called also "methene."

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

exogenous

DEFINITION:

1. Produced by growth from superficial tissue.

2. Introduced from or produced outside the organism or system; specif: not synthesized within the organism or system.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

pathway

DEFINITION:

1. A path or course, especially a course followed in the attainment of a specific end.
2. The nerve structures through which an impulse passes between groups of nerve cells or between the central nervous system and an organ or muscle.
3. Metabolic pathway.

CD cells

DEFINITION:

Collecting duct cells. (See JAB-632, et al.)

culture

DEFINITION:

1. The propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in special media conducive to their growth.

2. A growth of microorganisms or other living cells.

3. To induce the propagation of microorganisms or living tissue cells in media conducive to their growth.

4. The customary beliefs, social form, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.

adenylyl cyclase

DEFINITION:

A membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. An important component of some intracellular signaling pathways.

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

concentrations

DEFINITION:

1. Increases in strength by evaporation.

2. The ratios of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

AMP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for adenosine monophosphate.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

inhibitors

DEFINITION:

1. Any substance that interferes with a chemical reaction, growth, or other biological activity.

2. Chemical substances that inhibit enzyme reactions.

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

pathway

DEFINITION:

1. A path or course, especially a course followed in the attainment of a specific end.
2. The nerve structures through which an impulse passes between groups of nerve cells or between the central nervous system and an organ or muscle.
3. Metabolic pathway.

extracellular

DEFINITION:

Outside a cell or cells.

cAMP

DEFINITION:

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

pathway

DEFINITION:

1. A path or course, especially a course followed in the attainment of a specific end.
2. The nerve structures through which an impulse passes between groups of nerve cells or between the central nervous system and an organ or muscle.
3. Metabolic pathway.

adenosine

DEFINITION:

A purine nucleoside, adenine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play major roles in the reactions and regulation of metabolism. Symbol A.

adenosine monophosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism.

adenosine triphosphate - A nucleotide involved in energy metabolism and required for RNA synthesis; it occurs in all cells and is used to store energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.