aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

regulated

DEFINITION:

1. Having been adjusted to a certain standard.

2. In biology, describing the adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.

water channel

DEFINITION:

A channel in the plasma membrane of plant and animal cells that permits passage of water molecules; chemical substances such as vasopressin cause the opening of new channels and increase permeability.

renal collecting duct

DEFINITION:

Also known as the tubulus renalis colligens, or renal collecting tubule: That structure of the kidney consisting of the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

translocation

DEFINITION:

A structural chromosome aberration in which one segment of a chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome, the result of breakage of both chromosomes with repair in abnormal arrangement.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

intracellular vesicles

DEFINITION:

Vesicles within a cell.

apical plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

Indicating the apex of the plasma membrane.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

quantitated

DEFINITION:

1. Distinguished by having a characteristic, as of energy or mass, susceptible of precise physical measurement.

2. Having a measured amount.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

intracellular

DEFINITION:

Situated or occurring within a cell or cells.

vesicle

DEFINITION:

1. A small bladder or sac containing liquid.
2. A small circumscribed epidermal elevation, usually containing a clear fluid.

fractions

DEFINITION:

1. Portions of something larger.

2. In chemistry, referring to the separable constituents of a substance.

inner medulla

DEFINITION:

Inner medulla of kidney: inner zone of renal medulla.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

intravenous

DEFINITION:

Within a vein or veins.

arginine vasopressin

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin containing arginine, as that from most mammals, including man.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

immunoblotting

DEFINITION:

See immunoblots .

densitometry

DEFINITION:

Determination of variations in density by comparison with that of another material, or with a certain standard.

immunofluorescence

DEFINITION:

The labeling of antigens or antibodies with fluorescent dyes
for the purpose of demonstrating the presence of corresponding antibodies or antigens in a
tissue preparation or smear.

immunoblotting

DEFINITION:

See immunoblots .

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

fraction

DEFINITION:

1. A portion of something larger.

2. In chemistry, one of the separable constituents of a substance.

AQP2 protein

DEFINITION:

One of a family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types. Aquaporin-2 protein makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

fraction

DEFINITION:

1. A portion of something larger.

2. In chemistry, one of the separable constituents of a substance.

relative

DEFINITION:

1. A thing having a relation to or a dependence upon another thing.
2. A person connected with another by blood or marriage.
3. Pertinent, relevant.
4. Not absolute or independent; comparative.
5. Expressed as the ratio of the specified quantity to the total magnitude or to the mean of all quantities involved.

intracellular vesicles

DEFINITION:

Vesicles within a cell.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

fraction

DEFINITION:

1. A portion of something larger.

2. In chemistry, one of the separable constituents of a substance.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

intracellular

DEFINITION:

Situated or occurring within a cell or cells.

vesicle

DEFINITION:

1. A small bladder or sac containing liquid.
2. A small circumscribed epidermal elevation, usually containing a clear fluid.

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

ratio

DEFINITION:

An expression of the quantity of one substance or entity in relation to that of another; the relationship between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

fraction

DEFINITION:

1. A portion of something larger.

2. In chemistry, one of the separable constituents of a substance.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

intracellular

DEFINITION:

Situated or occurring within a cell or cells.

immunofluorescence

DEFINITION:

The labeling of antigens or antibodies with fluorescent dyes
for the purpose of demonstrating the presence of corresponding antibodies or antigens in a
tissue preparation or smear.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

redistribution

DEFINITION:

1. The alteration of distribution of.

2. The act of spreading to other areas.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

intracellular

DEFINITION:

Situated or occurring within a cell or cells.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

quantitative

DEFINITION:

1. Denoting or expressing a quantity.
2. Relating to the proportionate quantities or to the amount of the constituents of a compound.

apical plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

Indicating the apex of the plasma membrane.

intracellular

DEFINITION:

Situated or occurring within a cell or cells.

vesicle

DEFINITION:

1. A small bladder or sac containing liquid.
2. A small circumscribed epidermal elevation, usually containing a clear fluid.

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

ratio

DEFINITION:

An expression of the quantity of one substance or entity in relation to that of another; the relationship between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other.

in vivo

DEFINITION:

Within the living body.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

translocation

DEFINITION:

A structural chromosome aberration in which one segment of a chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome, the result of breakage of both chromosomes with repair in abnormal arrangement.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

apical plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

Indicating the apex of the plasma membrane.