altered

DEFINITION:

1. Having been made or become different.

2. Castrated; spayed.

3. Abbreviation for "alteration."

water metabolism

DEFINITION:

An inclusive term for the many roles played by water in the functioning of a living organism (Crawford).

elucidated

DEFINITION:

Made lucid (clear) especially by explanation or analysis; to give a clarifying explanation.

aquaporin 2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

hypothesized

DEFINITION:

Adopted as a hypothesis.

AQP2 expression

DEFINITION:

The process, or the regulation of the process, by which the effects of the aquaporin-2 gene are manifested.

modified

DEFINITION:

Descriptive of an object or substance that has been changed in form or characteristics.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

plasma

DEFINITION:

1. The fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. Plasma is to be distinguished from serum , which is the cell-free portion of the blood from which the fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting. See blood plasma .
2. The lymph deprived of its corpuscles or cells.
3. A glycerite of starch used in preparing ointments.
4. Cytoplasm or protoplasm.

osmolalities

DEFINITION:

The concentrations of osmotic solutions especially when measured in osmols or milliosmols per 1000 grams of solvent.
Osmolality is a measure of the concentration of particles in a solution. A highly concentrated solution will have a high osmolality. That is, it will have more particles per unit of solvent than a solution with a low osmolality. (JC)

gestation

DEFINITION:

The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the oocyte (ovum) until birth; See also pregnancy .

concentrations

DEFINITION:

1. Increases in strength by evaporation.

2. The ratios of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.

mRNA

DEFINITION:

Messenger RNA. RNA molecules, usually 400 to 10,000 bases long, that serve as templates for protein synthesis (translation); in eukaryotes they have characteristic posttranscriptional modifications, the 5'-cap and poly A tail. The base sequence of an mRNA transcript completely specifies the corresponding polypeptide amino acid sequence.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

actin

DEFINITION:

A protein of the myofibril, localized in the I band; acting along with myosin particles, it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle. In the absence of salt, it becomes globular (G-actin), and in the presence of potassium chloride and adenosine triphosphate it polymerizes, forming long fibers (F-actin).

AQP2 protein

DEFINITION:

One of a family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types. Aquaporin-2 protein makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2 protein

DEFINITION:

One of a family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types. Aquaporin-2 protein makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2 mRNA

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2 messenger RNA.

suppressed

DEFINITION:

1. Held back or checked.
2. Stopped or inhibited, as of a secretion, excretion, normal discharge, or other function.
3. In psychiatry, describing the conscious inhibition of an unacceptable impulse or idea, as contrasted with repression, which is unconscious.
4. In genetics, describing the masking of the phenotypic expression of a mutation by the occurrence of a second (suppressor) mutation at a different site from the first; the organism appears to be reverted but is in fact doubly mutant.
5. Describing the inhibition of the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium to prevent clinical attacks of malaria; used for prophylaxis.
6. Describing the cortical inhibition of perception of objects in all or part of the visual field of one eye during binocular vision.

administration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of dispensing.

2. Application, as of a salve, medicine, etc.

actin

DEFINITION:

A protein of the myofibril, localized in the I band; acting along with myosin particles, it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle. In the absence of salt, it becomes globular (G-actin), and in the presence of potassium chloride and adenosine triphosphate it polymerizes, forming long fibers (F-actin).

7 transmembrane domain

DEFINITION:

The seventh region (domain) of the transmembrane V2R. See schematic drawing of the V2R.

vehicle

DEFINITION:

Excipient.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

analysis

DEFINITION:

1. Separation into component parts or elements; the act of determining the component parts of a substance.

2. Psychoanalysis.

AQP2 protein

DEFINITION:

One of a family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types. Aquaporin-2 protein makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

plasma osmolality

DEFINITION:

See individual entries for plasma and osmolality .

modified

DEFINITION:

Descriptive of an object or substance that has been changed in form or characteristics.

upregulation

DEFINITION:

An increase in the number of receptors for a chemical or drug on cell surfaces in a given area so that the cells are more reactive to the effects of the agent. See also downregulation .

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

V2 receptor

DEFINITION:

See under receptor .

mediated

DEFINITION:

Accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

upregulation

DEFINITION:

An increase in the number of receptors for a chemical or drug on cell surfaces in a given area so that the cells are more reactive to the effects of the agent. See also downregulation .

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.