urinary excretion

DEFINITION:

The throwing off or elimination of urine by normal discharge.

kidney collecting duct

DEFINITION:

Also known as the tubulus renalis colligens , or renal collecting tubule: that structure of the kidney consisting of the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

renal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the kidney.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

urinary excretion

DEFINITION:

The throwing off or elimination of urine by normal discharge.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

tubular

DEFINITION:

Shaped like a tube; of or pertaining to a tubule.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

infusion

DEFINITION:

1. The steeping of a substance in water to obtain its medicinal principles.

2. The product of the process of steeping a drug for extraction of its medicinal principles.

3. The therapeutic introduction of a fluid other than blood, as saline solution, into a vein.

NOTE---An infusion flows in by gravity, an injection is forced in by a syringe, an instillation is dropped in, an insufflation is blown in, and an infection slips in unnoticed.

NaCl

DEFINITION:

Sodium chloride.

intranasal

DEFINITION:

Within the nose.

administration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of dispensing.

2. Application, as of a salve, medicine, etc.

arginine vasopressin

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin containing arginine, as that from most mammals, including man.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

administration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of dispensing.

2. Application, as of a salve, medicine, etc.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

creatinine

DEFINITION:

A white crystalline strongly basic compound excreted in the urine; measurements of excretion rates are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass and can be used to simplify other clinical assays.

infusion

DEFINITION:

1. The steeping of a substance in water to obtain its medicinal principles.

2. The product of the process of steeping a drug for extraction of its medicinal principles.

3. The therapeutic introduction of a fluid other than blood, as saline solution, into a vein.

NOTE---An infusion flows in by gravity, an injection is forced in by a syringe, an instillation is dropped in, an insufflation is blown in, and an infection slips in unnoticed.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

administration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of dispensing.

2. Application, as of a salve, medicine, etc.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

creatinine

DEFINITION:

A white crystalline strongly basic compound excreted in the urine; measurements of excretion rates are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass and can be used to simplify other clinical assays.

attenuated

DEFINITION:

1. Rendered thin.

2. Rendered less virulent.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

index

DEFINITION:

1. The second digit of the hand, the finger adjacent to the thumb; called also forefinger , index finger , and digitus secundus manus .

2. A unitless quantity, usually a ratio of two measurable quantities having the same dimensions, or such a ratio multiplied by 100.

3. A core or mold used in dentistry to record or maintain the relative position of a tooth or teeth to one another and/or to a cast, to ensure reproduction in the dental prosthesis of their original position.

4. A directory, in particular an alphabetized list of terms, each term accompanied by page numbers or other notations telling where it appears in a given work or set of works.

5. A subscript, as in x_i, used to indicate that there is a collection of objects, one corresponding to each value of the subscript, with the sequence indexed by i. For example, the sequence x₁, x₂, x₃,...can be written x_i, i = 1, 2, 3,....

renal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the kidney.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

intranasal

DEFINITION:

Within the nose.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

test

DEFINITION:

1. An examination or trial.

2. A significant chemical reaction.

3. A reagent.

4. A loose or rigid, secreted or agglutinated, protective shell or shell-like covering or exoskeleton, seen in various invertebrates, including certain protozoa and echinoderms.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

hypertonicity

DEFINITION:

The state or quality of being hypertonic.

tubular

DEFINITION:

Shaped like a tube; of or pertaining to a tubule.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.

dialysis

DEFINITION:

The separation of substances in solution by means of their unequal diffusion through semipermeable membranes; esp.: such a separation of colloids from soluble substances.

transplantation

DEFINITION:

The grafting of tissues taken from the patient's own body or from another.