vasopressin-2 receptor

DEFINITION:

The molecular structure within a cell or on the surface to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, binds.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

protein

DEFINITION:

Any of a group of complex organic compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, the characteristic element being nitrogen, and which are widely distributed in plants and animals. Proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, are of high molecular weight and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and each protein has a unique, genetically defined amino acid sequence which determines its specific shape and function. They serve as enzymes, structural elements, hormones, immunoglobulins, etc., and are involved in oxygen transport, muscle contraction, electron transport, and other activities throughout the body, and in photosynthesis.

binding protein - any of a number of plasma proteins (See below) that bind to hormones of low solubility (chiefly the thyroid and steroid hormones), thus providing a transport system for them; some are specific for particular hormones, while others bind to any sparingly soluble hormones. Called also carrier protein or transport protein (See below).

carrier proteins - A binding protein (See above).

plasma proteins - The hundreds of different proteins present in blood plasma, including carrier proteins (such as albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin), fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, complement components, immunoglobulins, enzyme inhibitors, precursors of substances such as angiotensin and bradykinin, and many other types of proteins.

transport protein - binding protein (See above).

amino acids

DEFINITION:

See definition for "amino acid."

transmembrane

DEFINITION:

Extending across a membrane, usually referring to a protein subunit that is exposed on both sides of a cell membrane.

helices

DEFINITION:

Coiled structures, such as the coil of wire in an electromagnet.

double helix - A double coiled structure, each strand or chain of which contains information completely specifying the other chain, representing a structural formulation of the mechanism by which the genetic information in DNA reproduces itself.

cell membrane

DEFINITION:

Plasma membrane.

mutations

DEFINITION:

1. Changes in form, quality, or some other characteristic.

altered

DEFINITION:

1. Having been made or become different.

2. Castrated; spayed.

3. Abbreviation for "alteration."

dysfunctional

DEFINITION:

The disturbed, impaired, or abnormal functioning of an organ.

V2Rs

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptors.

molecular

DEFINITION:

Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules.

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A form of diabetes insipidus, inherited as an X-linked trait, caused by failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin.

XNDI

DEFINITION:

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.

serine amino acid

DEFINITION:

A naturally occurring, nonessential amino acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid; it may be synthesized from glycine, and is used as a dietary supplement and feed additive, in biological studies and tests, and in culture media. Symbol Ser.

mutation

DEFINITION:

1. A change in form, quality, or some other characteristic.

2. In genetics, a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene.

frameshift mutation - A mutation resulting from an addition or subtraction that is not an exact multiple of 3 base pairs in a coding sequence. From the point of mutation onwards, base triplets (codons) are read out of phase; the reading frame of the gene is changed, and a completely different set of amino acids is made into protein.

loss-of-function mutation - Impairment of the function of a gene caused by mutation.

missense mutation - A mutation that changes a codon so that it codes for a different amino acid.

nonsense mutation - A mutation in which one of the three terminator codons in the mRNA (UAG, amber; UAA, ochre; UGA, umber or opal), used to signal the end of a polypeptide, appears in the middle of a genetic message, causes premature termination of transcription, and releases incomplete, generally nonfunctional polypeptides from the ribosome.

point mutation - A mutation resulting from a change in a single base pair in the DNA molecule, caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another.

NDI

DEFINITION:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

proline

DEFINITION:

An amino acid, 2-pyrrolidine-carboxylic acid, discovered by Fischer in 1901; it is a major constituent of collagen.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.

histidine

DEFINITION:

An essential amino acid, a-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid, first found as a decomposition product of the protamine of sturgeon testes (Kossel, 1896); it is obtainable from many proteins by the action of sulfuric acid and water. The decarboxylation of histidine results in the formation of histamine. Symbol His.

mutation

DEFINITION:

1. A change in form, quality, or some other characteristic.

2. In genetics, a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene.

frameshift mutation - A mutation resulting from an addition or subtraction that is not an exact multiple of 3 base pairs in a coding sequence. From the point of mutation onwards, base triplets (codons) are read out of phase; the reading frame of the gene is changed, and a completely different set of amino acids is made into protein.

loss-of-function mutation - Impairment of the function of a gene caused by mutation.

missense mutation - A mutation that changes a codon so that it codes for a different amino acid.

nonsense mutation - A mutation in which one of the three terminator codons in the mRNA (UAG, amber; UAA, ochre; UGA, umber or opal), used to signal the end of a polypeptide, appears in the middle of a genetic message, causes premature termination of transcription, and releases incomplete, generally nonfunctional polypeptides from the ribosome.

point mutation - A mutation resulting from a change in a single base pair in the DNA molecule, caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another.

NDI

DEFINITION:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

mutations

DEFINITION:

1. Changes in form, quality, or some other characteristic.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

V2Rs

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptors.

bind

DEFINITION:

To form a weak, reversible chemical bond, e.g., antigen to antibody or hormone to receptor.

antidiuretic hormone

DEFINITION:

See vasopressin.

arginine vasopressin

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin containing arginine, as that from most mammals, including man.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

model

DEFINITION:

1. Something that represents or simulates something else; a replica.
2. A reasonable facsimile of the body or any of its parts; used for demonstration and teaching purposes.
3. Cast, definition 5.
4. To imitate another's behavior; See modeling .
5. A hypothesis or theory.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

NDI

DEFINITION:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

aspartic acid

DEFINITION:

A nonessential amino acid, aminosuccinic acid, occurring in proteins; it is also an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Symbol Asp.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

aspartic acid

DEFINITION:

A nonessential amino acid, aminosuccinic acid, occurring in proteins; it is also an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Symbol Asp.

hydrogen bond

DEFINITION:

A relatively weak, primarily electrostatic, bond between a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative element (such as oxygen or nitrogen) in a given molecule, or part of a molecule, and a second highly electronegative atom in another molecule or in a different part of the same molecule. The hydrogen bond is generally represented by three dots, e.g., X—H^...Y, where X and Y are electronegative atoms.

histidine

DEFINITION:

An essential amino acid, a-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid, first found as a decomposition product of the protamine of sturgeon testes (Kossel, 1896); it is obtainable from many proteins by the action of sulfuric acid and water. The decarboxylation of histidine results in the formation of histamine. Symbol His.

serine

DEFINITION:

A naturally occurring, nonessential amino acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid; it may be synthesized from glycine, and is used as a dietary supplement and feed additive, in biological studies and tests, and in culture media. Symbol Ser.

hydrogen bond

DEFINITION:

A relatively weak, primarily electrostatic, bond between a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative element (such as oxygen or nitrogen) in a given molecule, or part of a molecule, and a second highly electronegative atom in another molecule or in a different part of the same molecule. The hydrogen bond is generally represented by three dots, e.g., X—H^...Y, where X and Y are electronegative atoms.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

proline

DEFINITION:

An amino acid, 2-pyrrolidine-carboxylic acid, discovered by Fischer in 1901; it is a major constituent of collagen.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.

amino acid

DEFINITION:

An amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH₂; esp.: any of the alpha-amino acids that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential components of the diet.