V2 vasopressin receptor

DEFINITION:

The molecular structure within a cell or on the surface to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

body water balance

DEFINITION:

See fluid balance.

in vivo

DEFINITION:

Within the living body.

model

DEFINITION:

1. Something that represents or simulates something else; a replica.
2. A reasonable facsimile of the body or any of its parts; used for demonstration and teaching purposes.
3. Cast, definition 5.
4. To imitate another's behavior; See modeling .
5. A hypothesis or theory.

physiological

DEFINITION:

1. Of or pertaining to physiology.
2. Characteristic of or appropriate to an organism's healthy or normal functioning.
3. Differing in, involving, or affecting physiological factors.

molecular analysis

DEFINITION:

The act of determining the component parts of a molecule.

V2Rs

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptors.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

functional

DEFINITION:

1. Of or pertaining to a function.

2. Affecting the function but not the structure.

V2Rs

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptors.

embryonic

DEFINITION:

Of or pertaining to an embryo.

stem

DEFINITION:

A stalklike supporting structure.

cells

DEFINITION:

See definitions for "cell."

nonsense mutation

DEFINITION:

See under mutation.

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A form of diabetes insipidus, inherited as an X-linked trait, caused by failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin.

XNDI

DEFINITION:

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

genome

DEFINITION:

1. The complete gene complement of an organism, contained in a set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, a single chromosome in bacteria, or a DNA or RNA molecule in viruses.

2. The full set of genes in an individual, either haploid (the set derived from one parent) or diploid (the double set, derived from both parents). In a human being the haploid set contains about 3 billion base pairs of DNA and 50,000-100,000 genes.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

basal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to or situated near a base.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

osmolalities

DEFINITION:

The concentrations of osmotic solutions especially when measured in osmols or milliosmols per 1000 grams of solvent.
Osmolality is a measure of the concentration of particles in a solution. A highly concentrated solution will have a high osmolality. That is, it will have more particles per unit of solvent than a solution with a low osmolality. (JC)

concentrate

DEFINITION:

1. To bring to a common center; to gather together at one point.

2. To increase the strength by diminishing the bulk of, as of a liquid; to condense.

3. A drug or other preparation that has been strengthened by the evaporation of its non-active parts.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

renal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the kidney.

pelvic

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the pelvis.

hypernatremic dehydration

DEFINITION:

See under dehydration.

heterozygous

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to heterozygosity.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

mutation

DEFINITION:

1. A change in form, quality, or some other characteristic.

2. In genetics, a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene.

frameshift mutation - A mutation resulting from an addition or subtraction that is not an exact multiple of 3 base pairs in a coding sequence. From the point of mutation onwards, base triplets (codons) are read out of phase; the reading frame of the gene is changed, and a completely different set of amino acids is made into protein.

loss-of-function mutation - Impairment of the function of a gene caused by mutation.

missense mutation - A mutation that changes a codon so that it codes for a different amino acid.

nonsense mutation - A mutation in which one of the three terminator codons in the mRNA (UAG, amber; UAA, ochre; UGA, umber or opal), used to signal the end of a polypeptide, appears in the middle of a genetic message, causes premature termination of transcription, and releases incomplete, generally nonfunctional polypeptides from the ribosome.

point mutation - A mutation resulting from a change in a single base pair in the DNA molecule, caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another.

growth

DEFINITION:

1. A normal process of increase in size of an organism as a result of accretion of tissue similar to that originally present.

2. An abnormal formation, such as a tumor.

3. The proliferation of cells, as in a bacterial culture.

XNDI

DEFINITION:

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

phenotype

DEFINITION:

1. The entire physical, biochemical, and physiological makeup of an individual as determined both genetically and environmentally, as opposed to genotype.
2. The expression of a single gene or gene pair.

characterized

DEFINITION:

Marked or distinguished as a characteristic.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

concentrating

DEFINITION:

1. Bringing to a common center; gathering together at one point.

2. Increasing the strength by diminishing the bulk of, as of a liquid; condensing.

3. The strengthening of a drug or other preparation by the evaporation of its non-active parts.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

polyuria

DEFINITION:

The passage of a large volume of urine in a given period, a characteristic of diabetes.

polydipsia

DEFINITION:

Excessive or abnormal thirst.

Western blot analysis

DEFINITION:

A technique for analyzing and identifying protein antigens: the proteins are separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, then transferred ("blotted") onto a nitrocellulose membrane or treated paper, where they bind in the same pattern as they formed in the gel. The antigen is overlaid first with antibody, then with anti - immunoglobulin or protein A labeled with a radioisotope, fluorescent dye, or enzyme. Called also Western blot technique .

functional

DEFINITION:

1. Of or pertaining to a function.

2. Affecting the function but not the structure.

V2Rs

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptors.

basal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to or situated near a base.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

BSC-1

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for type 1 bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

mutant

DEFINITION:

1. A gene or organism that has undergone genetic mutation.

novel

DEFINITION:

Of a new kind, or different from anything seen or known before.

therapeutic

DEFINITION:

A term meaning "related to treatment." The therapeutic dose of a drug is the amount required to have a beneficial effect.

XNDI

DEFINITION:

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.