residues

DEFINITION:

1. That which remains after the removal of other substances.
2. In biochemistry, the portion of a molecule that remains after it has lost some of its components, as an amino acid residue, which loses a water molecule when it is joined to another amino acid.

receptor

DEFINITION:

1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterized by (1) selective binding of a specific substance and (2) a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, e.g., membrane receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments, and immunoglobulins and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones.

2. A sensory nerve terminal that responds to stimuli of various kinds; classified in various ways including by the type of stimulus and by the location in the body.

V2 receptor - The structure to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

hormone

DEFINITION:

A product of living cells that circulates in body fluids and produces a specific effect on the activity of cells remote from its point of origin; especially: one exerting a stimulatory effect on a cellular activity.

hypophysiotropic hormones - Hormones produced by the hypothalamus, usually releasing hormones (see below), which maintain the endocrine functions of cells of the adenohypophysis.

neurohormone - A hormone secreted by a specialized neuron into the bloodstream, the cerebrospinal fluid, or the intercellular spaces of the nervous system.

releasing hormones - Hormones elaborated in one structure that cause the release of hormones from another structure, such as those from the hypothalamus that act on the adenohypophysis. The term is applied to substances of established chemical identity, whereas substances of unknown chemical structure are called releasing factors .

constructed

DEFINITION:

Built, made.

model

DEFINITION:

1. Something that represents or simulates something else; a replica.
2. A reasonable facsimile of the body or any of its parts; used for demonstration and teaching purposes.
3. Cast, definition 5.
4. To imitate another's behavior; See modeling .
5. A hypothesis or theory.

V1a vasopressin receptor

DEFINITION:

A protein that acts as a receptor for arginine vasopressin. It belongs to the subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors.

residues

DEFINITION:

1. That which remains after the removal of other substances.
2. In biochemistry, the portion of a molecule that remains after it has lost some of its components, as an amino acid residue, which loses a water molecule when it is joined to another amino acid.

residues

DEFINITION:

1. That which remains after the removal of other substances.
2. In biochemistry, the portion of a molecule that remains after it has lost some of its components, as an amino acid residue, which loses a water molecule when it is joined to another amino acid.

conserved

DEFINITION:

Kept from loss, decay, waste, or injury; preserved.

receptor

DEFINITION:

1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterized by (1) selective binding of a specific substance and (2) a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, e.g., membrane receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments, and immunoglobulins and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones.

2. A sensory nerve terminal that responds to stimuli of various kinds; classified in various ways including by the type of stimulus and by the location in the body.

V2 receptor - The structure to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

putative

DEFINITION:

1. Commonly accepted or supposed.

2. Assumed to exist or to have existed.

bound

DEFINITION:

1. Having formed a weak, reversible chemical bond, e.g., antigen to antibody or hormone to receptor.

2. Constrained by or as if by bonds; confined, obliged.

3. Enclosed in a binding or cover.

4. Resolved, determined; also, sure.

5. Intending to go.

6. Limit, boundary.

7. Leap, jump.

8. Rebound, bounce.

9. Spring, bounce.

ligands

DEFINITION:

1. Molecules that bind to other molecules, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme.
2. Molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form coordinate covalent bonds with the central metal atom of a coordination complex.

model

DEFINITION:

1. Something that represents or simulates something else; a replica.
2. A reasonable facsimile of the body or any of its parts; used for demonstration and teaching purposes.
3. Cast, definition 5.
4. To imitate another's behavior; See modeling .
5. A hypothesis or theory.

hormone

DEFINITION:

A product of living cells that circulates in body fluids and produces a specific effect on the activity of cells remote from its point of origin; especially: one exerting a stimulatory effect on a cellular activity.

hypophysiotropic hormones - Hormones produced by the hypothalamus, usually releasing hormones (see below), which maintain the endocrine functions of cells of the adenohypophysis.

neurohormone - A hormone secreted by a specialized neuron into the bloodstream, the cerebrospinal fluid, or the intercellular spaces of the nervous system.

releasing hormones - Hormones elaborated in one structure that cause the release of hormones from another structure, such as those from the hypothalamus that act on the adenohypophysis. The term is applied to substances of established chemical identity, whereas substances of unknown chemical structure are called releasing factors .

transmembrane

DEFINITION:

Extending across a membrane, usually referring to a protein subunit that is exposed on both sides of a cell membrane.

core

DEFINITION:

1. The central part of anything, such as the central mass of necrotic matter in a boil.

2. A bar of iron around which a wire is wound to form an induction coil or electromagnet.

3. The central part of a virion, consisting of nucleic acid and sometimes protein.

4. Cast core.

receptor

DEFINITION:

1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterized by (1) selective binding of a specific substance and (2) a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, e.g., membrane receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments, and immunoglobulins and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones.

2. A sensory nerve terminal that responds to stimuli of various kinds; classified in various ways including by the type of stimulus and by the location in the body.

V2 receptor - The structure to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

polar

DEFINITION:

1. Of or pertaining to a pole (as of a magnet).

2. Of or relating to a geographical pole.

3. Being at opposite ends of a spectrum of manifestations, as polar forms of leprosy.

residues

DEFINITION:

1. That which remains after the removal of other substances.
2. In biochemistry, the portion of a molecule that remains after it has lost some of its components, as an amino acid residue, which loses a water molecule when it is joined to another amino acid.

glutamine

DEFINITION:

The monoamide of glutamic acid, a nonessential amino acid occurring in the juices of many plants and in some animal tissues; it is an important carrier of urinary ammonia and is broken down in the kidney by the enzyme glutaminase. Symbols Gln and Q.

lysine

DEFINITION:

An essential amino acid, a,E-diaminocaproic acid, a hydrolytic product of protein first isolated from casein (Drechsel, 1889); necessary for optimal growth in infants and for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium in human adults. Symbols Lys and K.

binding

DEFINITION:

1. Wrapping with a binder or bandage.

2. Forming a weak, reversible chemical bond, e.g., antigen to antibody or hormone to receptor.

hormone

DEFINITION:

A product of living cells that circulates in body fluids and produces a specific effect on the activity of cells remote from its point of origin; especially: one exerting a stimulatory effect on a cellular activity.

hypophysiotropic hormones - Hormones produced by the hypothalamus, usually releasing hormones (see below), which maintain the endocrine functions of cells of the adenohypophysis.

neurohormone - A hormone secreted by a specialized neuron into the bloodstream, the cerebrospinal fluid, or the intercellular spaces of the nervous system.

releasing hormones - Hormones elaborated in one structure that cause the release of hormones from another structure, such as those from the hypothalamus that act on the adenohypophysis. The term is applied to substances of established chemical identity, whereas substances of unknown chemical structure are called releasing factors .

mutated

DEFINITION:

1. Changed in form, quality, or some other characteristic.
2. In genetics, having undergone a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene. Also, an individual exhibiting such a change.

residues

DEFINITION:

1. That which remains after the removal of other substances.
2. In biochemistry, the portion of a molecule that remains after it has lost some of its components, as an amino acid residue, which loses a water molecule when it is joined to another amino acid.

conserved

DEFINITION:

Kept from loss, decay, waste, or injury; preserved.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

site

DEFINITION:

A place, position, or locus.

receptor

DEFINITION:

1. A molecular structure within a cell or on the surface characterized by (1) selective binding of a specific substance and (2) a specific physiologic effect that accompanies the binding, e.g., membrane receptors for peptide hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, complement fragments, and immunoglobulins and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones.

2. A sensory nerve terminal that responds to stimuli of various kinds; classified in various ways including by the type of stimulus and by the location in the body.

V2 receptor - The structure to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin binds.

antagonist

DEFINITION:

1. A muscle whose action is the direct opposite of that of another muscle.

2. A substance that tends to nullify the action of another, as a drug that binds to a cell receptor without eliciting a biological response, blocking binding of substances that could elicit such responses.

3. A tooth in one jaw that articulates with a tooth in the other jaw.

agonist

DEFINITION:

1. In anatomy, a prime mover.

2. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulateS physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances.

antagonist

DEFINITION:

1. A muscle whose action is the direct opposite of that of another muscle.

2. A substance that tends to nullify the action of another, as a drug that binds to a cell receptor without eliciting a biological response, blocking binding of substances that could elicit such responses.

3. A tooth in one jaw that articulates with a tooth in the other jaw.

binding

DEFINITION:

1. Wrapping with a binder or bandage.

2. Forming a weak, reversible chemical bond, e.g., antigen to antibody or hormone to receptor.