nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

lithium carbonate

DEFINITION:

See under lithium .

therapy

DEFINITION:

The treatment of disease; called also therapeutics .

desmopressin acetate

DEFINITION:

A potent synthetic analogue of vasopressin, used intranasally, intramuscularly, or intravenously as an antidiuretic in pituitary diabetes insipidus and intravenously to increase coagulation factor VIII activity before surgical procedures in patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.

sequential

DEFINITION:

1. Characterized by a connected series of events or things.
2. In dysmorphology, characterized by a pattern of multiple anomalies derived from a single known or presumed prior anomaly or mechanical factor.
3. In molecular biology, often used to refer to DNA having a particular nucleotide composition or occurring in a particular region of the genome.

serum

DEFINITION:

1. The clear portion of any body fluid; the clear fluid moistening serous membranes.
2. Blood serum; the clear liquid that separates from blood on clotting.
3. Immune serum; blood serum from an immunized animal used for passive immunization; an antiserum, antitoxin, or antivenin.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

calcium

DEFINITION:

A silvery yellow metal, the basic element of lime. Symbol, Ca; atomic number, 20; atomic weight, 40.08. It is found in nearly all organized tissues, being the most abundant mineral in the body. In combination with phosphorus it forms calcium phosphate, the dense, hard material of the teeth and bones. It is an essential dietary element, a constant blood calcium level being essential for the maintenance of the normal heartbeat, and for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles. It also plays a role in multiple phases of blood coagulation and in many enzymatic processes.

parathyroid hormone

DEFINITION:

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the parathyroid glands. It promotes release of calcium from bone to extracellular fluid by activating osteoclasts and inhibiting osteoblasts, indirectly promotes increased intestinal absorption of calcium, promotes renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal excretion of phosphates, and is a major regulator of bone metabolism. Secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when the level of calcium in the extracellular fluid is low. Its action is opposed by that of calcitonin. Called also parathormone and parathyrin .

urine volume

DEFINITION:

The measure of the quantity of urine, e.g., excreted from the kidneys.

polyuria

DEFINITION:

The passage of a large volume of urine in a given period, a characteristic of diabetes.

serum

DEFINITION:

1. The clear portion of any body fluid; the clear fluid moistening serous membranes.
2. Blood serum; the clear liquid that separates from blood on clotting.
3. Immune serum; blood serum from an immunized animal used for passive immunization; an antiserum, antitoxin, or antivenin.

osmolalities

DEFINITION:

The concentrations of osmotic solutions especially when measured in osmols or milliosmols per 1000 grams of solvent.
Osmolality is a measure of the concentration of particles in a solution. A highly concentrated solution will have a high osmolality. That is, it will have more particles per unit of solvent than a solution with a low osmolality. (JC)

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

osmolalities

DEFINITION:

The concentrations of osmotic solutions especially when measured in osmols or milliosmols per 1000 grams of solvent.
Osmolality is a measure of the concentration of particles in a solution. A highly concentrated solution will have a high osmolality. That is, it will have more particles per unit of solvent than a solution with a low osmolality. (JC)

concomitant

DEFINITION:

Accompanying; accessory; joined with another.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

administration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of dispensing.

2. Application, as of a salve, medicine, etc.

urine volume

DEFINITION:

The measure of the quantity of urine, e.g., excreted from the kidneys.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

desmopressin acetate

DEFINITION:

A potent synthetic analogue of vasopressin, used intranasally, intramuscularly, or intravenously as an antidiuretic in pituitary diabetes insipidus and intravenously to increase coagulation factor VIII activity before surgical procedures in patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

cessation

DEFINITION:

A temporary or final ceasing (as of action).

lithium

DEFINITION:

A white metal; atomic number, 3. Lithium salts (lithium carbonate and lithium citrate) are used in treating the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

lithium carbonate - [USP], chemical name: carbonic acid dilithium salt. A white, granular powder, Li₂CO₃, used in the treatment of acute manic states and in the prophylaxis of recurrent affective disorders manifested by depression or mania only, or those in which both mania and depression occur occasionally, administered orally.

lithium citrate - The citrate salt of lithium, used to treat the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

therapy

DEFINITION:

The treatment of disease; called also therapeutics .