vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

water permeability

DEFINITION:

The property or state of being permeable to water.

inner medullary collecting duct

DEFINITION:

The distal part of the renal tubule, including the loop of Henle, lying within the medulla.

IMCD

DEFINITION:

Inner medullary collecting duct.

trafficking

DEFINITION:

Acting as a transporter.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

apical plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

Indicating the apex of the plasma membrane.

activation

DEFINITION:

1. The act or process of rendering active.

2. The transformation of a proenzyme into an active enzyme by the action of a kinase or another proenzyme.

3. Gain in the purifying of sewage by means of activated sludge.

4. The process by which the central nervous system is stimulated into activity through the mediation of the reticular activating system.

5. The deliberate induction of a pattern of electrical activity in the brain in electroencephalography.

hypothesis

DEFINITION:

A supposition that appears to explain a group of phenomena and is advanced as a basis for further investigation; a proposition that is subject to proof or to an experimental or statistical test.

water permeability

DEFINITION:

The property or state of being permeable to water.

mediated

DEFINITION:

Accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium.

activation

DEFINITION:

1. The act or process of rendering active.

2. The transformation of a proenzyme into an active enzyme by the action of a kinase or another proenzyme.

3. Gain in the purifying of sewage by means of activated sludge.

4. The process by which the central nervous system is stimulated into activity through the mediation of the reticular activating system.

5. The deliberate induction of a pattern of electrical activity in the brain in electroencephalography.

MLCK

DEFINITION:

Myosin light chain kinase. See JAB-665.

regulation

DEFINITION:

1. The act of adjusting or state or being adjusted to a certain standard.
2. In biology, the adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.
3. The power to form a whole embryo from stages before the gastrula.

immunoblotting

DEFINITION:

See immunoblots .

immunocytochemistry

DEFINITION:

The biochemistry of cellular immunology.

MLCK

DEFINITION:

Myosin light chain kinase. See JAB-665.

MLC

DEFINITION:

1. Mixed lymphocyte culture.
2. Myosin regulatory light chain. (See JAB-665.)

isoforms

DEFINITION:

Any of a group of two or more different proteins that are produced by different genes and are specific to different tissues but have the same function and a similar sequence.

IMCD cells

DEFINITION:

Inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells.

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

DEFINITION:

Matrix-Associated Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight mass spectrometry. A mass spectrometry methodology/ technology that can establish, in seconds, the identify, purity, etc. of a sample of proteins, oligonucleotide, or (poly) peptides. Also the identification of gram-positive microorganisms, or characterization of genetic materials (DNA, RNA, etc.) on hybridization surfaces. MALDI-TOF utilizes measurement of the time for particles (e.g., proteins) to transit a specific distance after being "dislodged" from ('adhered') surface by specific amount of energy to precisely determine the molecular weight (of proteins, etc.).

isoforms

DEFINITION:

Any of a group of two or more different proteins that are produced by different genes and are specific to different tissues but have the same function and a similar sequence.

MLC

DEFINITION:

1. Mixed lymphocyte culture.
2. Myosin regulatory light chain. (See JAB-665.)

phosphorylated

DEFINITION:

See phosphorylation.

phosphorylated

DEFINITION:

See phosphorylation.

inner medulla

DEFINITION:

Inner medulla of kidney: inner zone of renal medulla.

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

isoforms

DEFINITION:

Any of a group of two or more different proteins that are produced by different genes and are specific to different tissues but have the same function and a similar sequence.

V2 receptor

DEFINITION:

See under receptor .

agonist

DEFINITION:

1. In anatomy, a prime mover.

2. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulateS physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

MLC

DEFINITION:

1. Mixed lymphocyte culture.
2. Myosin regulatory light chain. (See JAB-665.)

phosphorylation

DEFINITION:

The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.

immunoblotting

DEFINITION:

See immunoblots .

phosphorylation

DEFINITION:

The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

MLCK

DEFINITION:

Myosin light chain kinase. See JAB-665.

inhibitor

DEFINITION:

1. Any substance that interferes with a chemical reaction, growth, or other biological activity.

2. A chemical substance that inhibits an enzyme reaction.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

MLC

DEFINITION:

1. Mixed lymphocyte culture.
2. Myosin regulatory light chain. (See JAB-665.)

phosphorylation

DEFINITION:

The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

water permeability

DEFINITION:

The property or state of being permeable to water.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

MLC

DEFINITION:

1. Mixed lymphocyte culture.
2. Myosin regulatory light chain. (See JAB-665.)

phosphorylation

DEFINITION:

The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.

IMCD cells

DEFINITION:

Inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells.

MLC

DEFINITION:

1. Mixed lymphocyte culture.
2. Myosin regulatory light chain. (See JAB-665.)

phosphorylation

DEFINITION:

The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.

MLCK

DEFINITION:

Myosin light chain kinase. See JAB-665.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

signaling

DEFINITION:

A molecule or chemical which cues a responsive behavior in its surrounding environment.

IMCD cells

DEFINITION:

Inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells.

myosin

DEFINITION:

A globin which is the most abundant protein (68 per cent) in muscle, occurring chiefly in the A band. Along with actin, it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle. Myosin has enzymatic properties, acting as an ATPase. It is the main constituent of the thick filaments of muscle fibers.

regulation

DEFINITION:

1. The act of adjusting or state or being adjusted to a certain standard.
2. In biology, the adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.
3. The power to form a whole embryo from stages before the gastrula.

water permeability

DEFINITION:

The property or state of being permeable to water.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.