hypothesis

DEFINITION:

A supposition that appears to explain a group of phenomena and is advanced as a basis for further investigation; a proposition that is subject to proof or to an experimental or statistical test.

diabetes

DEFINITION:

A general term referring to disorders characterized by excessive urine excretion (polyuria), as in diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. When used alone, the term refers to diabetes mellitus.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

concentrating

DEFINITION:

1. Bringing to a common center; gathering together at one point.

2. Increasing the strength by diminishing the bulk of, as of a liquid; condensing.

3. The strengthening of a drug or other preparation by the evaporation of its non-active parts.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

DEFINITION:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

IDDM

DEFINITION:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

oral

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the mouth, taken through or applied in the mouth, as an oral medication or an oral thermometer.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

infused

DEFINITION:

1. The outcome of steeping a substance in water to obtain its medicinal principles.
2. The therapeutic introduction of a fluid other than blood, as saline solution, into a vein.

intravenously

DEFINITION:

Administered within a vein or veins.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

IDDM

DEFINITION:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

urinary

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the urine; containing or secreting urine.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

concentrations

DEFINITION:

1. Increases in strength by evaporation.

2. The ratios of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

infusion

DEFINITION:

1. The steeping of a substance in water to obtain its medicinal principles.

2. The product of the process of steeping a drug for extraction of its medicinal principles.

3. The therapeutic introduction of a fluid other than blood, as saline solution, into a vein.

NOTE---An infusion flows in by gravity, an injection is forced in by a syringe, an instillation is dropped in, an insufflation is blown in, and an infection slips in unnoticed.

creatinine

DEFINITION:

A white crystalline strongly basic compound excreted in the urine; measurements of excretion rates are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass and can be used to simplify other clinical assays.

IDDM

DEFINITION:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

creatinine

DEFINITION:

A white crystalline strongly basic compound excreted in the urine; measurements of excretion rates are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass and can be used to simplify other clinical assays.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

IDDM

DEFINITION:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

inversely

DEFINITION:

In an inverse manner.

chronic

DEFINITION:

Persisting over a long period of time.

test

DEFINITION:

1. An examination or trial.

2. A significant chemical reaction.

3. A reagent.

4. A loose or rigid, secreted or agglutinated, protective shell or shell-like covering or exoskeleton, seen in various invertebrates, including certain protozoa and echinoderms.

hypothesis

DEFINITION:

A supposition that appears to explain a group of phenomena and is advanced as a basis for further investigation; a proposition that is subject to proof or to an experimental or statistical test.

glycemic

DEFINITION:

Showing the presence of glucose in the blood.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

IDDM

DEFINITION:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

glycemic

DEFINITION:

Showing the presence of glucose in the blood.

glycemic

DEFINITION:

Showing the presence of glucose in the blood.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

glycemic

DEFINITION:

Showing the presence of glucose in the blood.

urinary

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the urine; containing or secreting urine.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

concentrations

DEFINITION:

1. Increases in strength by evaporation.

2. The ratios of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

creatinine

DEFINITION:

A white crystalline strongly basic compound excreted in the urine; measurements of excretion rates are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass and can be used to simplify other clinical assays.

glycemic

DEFINITION:

Showing the presence of glucose in the blood.

IDDM

DEFINITION:

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.