vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

antidiuresis

DEFINITION:

Suppression of urinary excretion.

altered

DEFINITION:

1. Having been made or become different.

2. Castrated; spayed.

3. Abbreviation for "alteration."

regulation

DEFINITION:

1. The act of adjusting or state or being adjusted to a certain standard.
2. In biology, the adaptation of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions.
3. The power to form a whole embryo from stages before the gastrula.

aquaporin water channels

DEFINITION:

A family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

water-loaded

DEFINITION:

Demonstrating the body content (of an object or organism) of water, especially as it varies from normal.

dDAVP

DEFINITION:

Also DDAVP. Trademark for preparation of desmopressin.

oral

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the mouth, taken through or applied in the mouth, as an oral medication or an oral thermometer.

water load

DEFINITION:

1. The quantity of measurable water borne by an object or organism.
2. The body content of water, especially as it varies from normal.

urine volume

DEFINITION:

The measure of the quantity of urine, e.g., excreted from the kidneys.

water-loaded

DEFINITION:

Demonstrating the body content (of an object or organism) of water, especially as it varies from normal.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

onset

DEFINITION:

1. A beginning or start.

2. An assault or attack.

onset

DEFINITION:

1. A beginning or start.

2. An assault or attack.

renal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the kidney.

aquaporins

DEFINITION:

A family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types.

suppression

DEFINITION:

1. The act of holding back or checking.
2. Sudden stoppage or inhibition, as of a secretion, excretion, normal discharge, or other function.
3. In psychiatry, conscious inhibition of an unacceptable impulse or idea as contrasted with repression, which is unconscious.
4. In genetics, masking of the phenotypic expression of a mutation by the occurrence of a second (suppressor) mutation at a different site from the first; the organism appears to be reverted but is in fact doubly mutant.
5. Inhibition of the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium to prevent clinical attacks of malaria; used for prophylaxis.
6. Cortical inhibition of perception of objects in all or part of the visual field of one eye during binocular vision.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

concomitant

DEFINITION:

Accompanying; accessory; joined with another.

suppression

DEFINITION:

1. The act of holding back or checking.
2. Sudden stoppage or inhibition, as of a secretion, excretion, normal discharge, or other function.
3. In psychiatry, conscious inhibition of an unacceptable impulse or idea as contrasted with repression, which is unconscious.
4. In genetics, masking of the phenotypic expression of a mutation by the occurrence of a second (suppressor) mutation at a different site from the first; the organism appears to be reverted but is in fact doubly mutant.
5. Inhibition of the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium to prevent clinical attacks of malaria; used for prophylaxis.
6. Cortical inhibition of perception of objects in all or part of the visual field of one eye during binocular vision.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

mRNA

DEFINITION:

Messenger RNA. RNA molecules, usually 400 to 10,000 bases long, that serve as templates for protein synthesis (translation); in eukaryotes they have characteristic posttranscriptional modifications, the 5'-cap and poly A tail. The base sequence of an mRNA transcript completely specifies the corresponding polypeptide amino acid sequence.

trafficking

DEFINITION:

Acting as a transporter.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

plasma membrane

DEFINITION:

The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

antidiuresis

DEFINITION:

Suppression of urinary excretion.

attributable

DEFINITION:

1. Resulting from; caused by.

2. Belonging, as a quality, characteristic, or property.

3. Considered as made by or originating in or with.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

aquaporin-2 water channel

DEFINITION:

See aquaporin-2.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

renal collecting duct

DEFINITION:

Also known as the tubulus renalis colligens, or renal collecting tubule: That structure of the kidney consisting of the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.