metabolic acidosis

DEFINITION:

Any of the various kinds of acidosis in which the acid-base status of the body shifts toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid (fixed or nonvolatile acids), in contrast to respiratory acidosis. Called also nonrespiratory acidosis.

alteration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of making different.

2. Castration, spaying.

reabsorption

DEFINITION:

The act or process of absorbing again, as the selective absorption by the kidneys of substances (glucose, proteins, sodium, etc.) already secreted into the renal tubules, and their return to the circulating blood.

nephron

DEFINITION:

The anatomical and functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the renal corpuscle, the proximal convoluted tubule, the descending and ascending limbs of Henle's loop, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting tubule.

metabolic acidosis

DEFINITION:

Any of the various kinds of acidosis in which the acid-base status of the body shifts toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid (fixed or nonvolatile acids), in contrast to respiratory acidosis. Called also nonrespiratory acidosis.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

collecting duct

DEFINITION:

See under duct.

CD

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for collecting duct (see JAB-632, et al.); cadaveric donor; conjugata diagonalis; curative dose; cluster designation.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

chronic

DEFINITION:

Persisting over a long period of time.

metabolic acidosis

DEFINITION:

Any of the various kinds of acidosis in which the acid-base status of the body shifts toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid (fixed or nonvolatile acids), in contrast to respiratory acidosis. Called also nonrespiratory acidosis.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

loading

DEFINITION:

1. Administering sufficient quantities of a substance to test the subject's ability to metabolize it, as in the histidine loading test.

2. The exertion of lengthening force on a body part such as a muscle or ligament.

metabolic acidosis

DEFINITION:

Any of the various kinds of acidosis in which the acid-base status of the body shifts toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid (fixed or nonvolatile acids), in contrast to respiratory acidosis. Called also nonrespiratory acidosis.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

urine volume

DEFINITION:

The measure of the quantity of urine, e.g., excreted from the kidneys.

alteration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of making different.

2. Castration, spaying.

fluid intake

DEFINITION:

The fluid taken into the body by drinking or parenterally.

loading

DEFINITION:

1. Administering sufficient quantities of a substance to test the subject's ability to metabolize it, as in the histidine loading test.

2. The exertion of lengthening force on a body part such as a muscle or ligament.

immunoblotting

DEFINITION:

See immunoblots .

CD

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for collecting duct (see JAB-632, et al.); cadaveric donor; conjugata diagonalis; curative dose; cluster designation.

AQP2 protein

DEFINITION:

One of a family of membrane channel proteins that serve as selective pores through which water crosses the plasma membranes of many human tissues and cell types. Aquaporin-2 protein makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

collecting duct

DEFINITION:

See under duct.

radioimmunoassay

DEFINITION:

A highly sensitive and specific assay method that uses the competition between radiolabeled and unlabeled substances in an antigen-antibody reaction to determine the concentration of the unlabeled substance; it can be used to determine antibody concentrations or to determine the concentration of any substance against which specific antibody can be produced. Abbreviated RIA.

acidosis

DEFINITION:

1. The accumulation of acid and hydrogen ions or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bicarbonate content) in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a decrease in pH.

2. The pathologic condition resulting from this process.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

AVP

DEFINITION:

Arginine vasopressin.

metabolic acidosis

DEFINITION:

Any of the various kinds of acidosis in which the acid-base status of the body shifts toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid (fixed or nonvolatile acids), in contrast to respiratory acidosis. Called also nonrespiratory acidosis.

expression

DEFINITION:

1. The aspect or appearance of the face (or surface of a cell) as determined by the physical or emotional state.

2. The act of squeezing or evacuating by pressure; a term used in pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics.

3. The detectable effect of a gene.

4. A representation of value, relation, or the like (e.g., ratio).

collecting duct

DEFINITION:

See under duct.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

urine osmolality

DEFINITION:

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution (in this case, urine) expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The osmolality is directly proportional to the colligative properties of solutions: osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering.

water reabsorption

DEFINITION:

1. The act or process of absorbing water again.

2. Resorption.

CD

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for collecting duct (see JAB-632, et al.); cadaveric donor; conjugata diagonalis; curative dose; cluster designation.

concomitant

DEFINITION:

Accompanying; accessory; joined with another.

secretion

DEFINITION:

The process of segregating, elaborating, and releasing some material either functionally specialized (as saliva) or isolated for excretion (as urine).

adaptation

DEFINITION:

1. The adjustment of an organism to its environment, or the process by which it enhances such fitness.

2. The normal adjustment of the eye to variations in intensity of light.

3. The decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation.

4. In dentistry, (a) the proper fitting of a denture, (b) the degree of proximity and interlocking of restorative material to a tooth preparation, (c) the exact adjustment of bands to teeth.

5. In microbiology, the adjustment of bacterial physiology to a new environment.

CD

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for collecting duct (see JAB-632, et al.); cadaveric donor; conjugata diagonalis; curative dose; cluster designation.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

metabolic acidosis

DEFINITION:

Any of the various kinds of acidosis in which the acid-base status of the body shifts toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid (fixed or nonvolatile acids), in contrast to respiratory acidosis. Called also nonrespiratory acidosis.

permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.