urinary

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the urine; containing or secreting urine.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

u-AQP2

DEFINITION:

Urinary aquaporin-2.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

VP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for vasopressin.

marker

DEFINITION:

Something that identifies or that is used to identify. See also determinant .

cell-surface marker - An antigenic determinant occurring on the surface of a specific type of cell.

genetic marker - A genetic polymorphism with a simple mode of inheritance occurring with multiple alleles, and therefore useful in family studies, studies of the distribution of genes in populations, and linkage analysis.

collecting duct

DEFINITION:

See under duct.

VP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for vasopressin.

radioimmunoassay

DEFINITION:

A highly sensitive and specific assay method that uses the competition between radiolabeled and unlabeled substances in an antigen-antibody reaction to determine the concentration of the unlabeled substance; it can be used to determine antibody concentrations or to determine the concentration of any substance against which specific antibody can be produced. Abbreviated RIA.

u-AQP2

DEFINITION:

Urinary aquaporin-2.

localization

DEFINITION:

1. The determination of the site or place of any process or lesion.
2. Restriction to a circumscribed or limited area.
3. Prelocalization.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

canine

DEFINITION:

1. Of, pertaining to, or like that which belongs to a dog.

2. Canine tooth.

kidney

DEFINITION:

One of a pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

immunohistochemistry

DEFINITION:

See immunohistochemical .

basal

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to or situated near a base.

u-AQP2

DEFINITION:

Urinary aquaporin-2.

oral

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the mouth, taken through or applied in the mouth, as an oral medication or an oral thermometer.

water loading

DEFINITION:

The administration of sufficient quantities of water to test the subject's ability to metabolize it.

mean

DEFINITION:

1. An average; a number that in some sense represents the central value of a set of numbers.
2. Arithmetic mean.
3. In probability and statistics, the expected value (mathematical expectation) of a random variable, the limiting value to which the sample mean converges as the sample size is increased indefinitely (if the limit exists).

ratio

DEFINITION:

An expression of the quantity of one substance or entity in relation to that of another; the relationship between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other.

X

DEFINITION:

Symbol for Kienbock unit and xanthine or xanthosine . See also exposure , definition 3.

X

DEFINITION:

Symbol for Kienbock unit and xanthine or xanthosine . See also exposure , definition 3.

median

DEFINITION:

1. Situated in the median plane or in the midline of a body or structure.
2. Any value that divides the probability distribution of a random variable in half, i.e., the probability of observing a value above the median and the probability of observing a value below the median are both less than or equal to one half. For a finite population or sample, the median is the middle value of an odd number of values (arranged in ascending order) or any value between the two middle values of an even number of values; in the later case it is conventional to use the average of the two middle values.

subsequent

DEFINITION:

Following after; succeeding.

intravenous

DEFINITION:

Within a vein or veins.

administration

DEFINITION:

1. The act of dispensing.

2. Application, as of a salve, medicine, etc.

desmopressin

DEFINITION:

Desmopressin acetate - a potent synthetic analogue of vasopressin used intranasally, intramuscularly, or intravenously as an antidiuretic in pituitary diabetes insipidus.

mean

DEFINITION:

1. An average; a number that in some sense represents the central value of a set of numbers.
2. Arithmetic mean.
3. In probability and statistics, the expected value (mathematical expectation) of a random variable, the limiting value to which the sample mean converges as the sample size is increased indefinitely (if the limit exists).

ratio

DEFINITION:

An expression of the quantity of one substance or entity in relation to that of another; the relationship between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other.

X

DEFINITION:

Symbol for Kienbock unit and xanthine or xanthosine . See also exposure , definition 3.

intravenous

DEFINITION:

Within a vein or veins.

NaCl

DEFINITION:

Sodium chloride.

mean

DEFINITION:

1. An average; a number that in some sense represents the central value of a set of numbers.
2. Arithmetic mean.
3. In probability and statistics, the expected value (mathematical expectation) of a random variable, the limiting value to which the sample mean converges as the sample size is increased indefinitely (if the limit exists).

ratio

DEFINITION:

An expression of the quantity of one substance or entity in relation to that of another; the relationship between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other.

X

DEFINITION:

Symbol for Kienbock unit and xanthine or xanthosine . See also exposure , definition 3.

X

DEFINITION:

Symbol for Kienbock unit and xanthine or xanthosine . See also exposure , definition 3.

median

DEFINITION:

1. Situated in the median plane or in the midline of a body or structure.
2. Any value that divides the probability distribution of a random variable in half, i.e., the probability of observing a value above the median and the probability of observing a value below the median are both less than or equal to one half. For a finite population or sample, the median is the middle value of an odd number of values (arranged in ascending order) or any value between the two middle values of an even number of values; in the later case it is conventional to use the average of the two middle values.

immunohistochemistry

DEFINITION:

See immunohistochemical .

labeling

DEFINITION:

1. The marking, tagging, or act of identifying something.
2. Providing something with such a characteristic.

radioactive labeling - the marking of a compound by incorporating a radioisotope into it.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

kidney collecting duct cells

DEFINITION:

Kidney collecting duct cells are cells which are mainly located in the medulla of the kidney. In the kidney, the blood fluid is filtered into tubules (nephrons) where electrolytes, water, and many other components are reabsorbed or even secreted. Collecting duct cells are at the end of such nephrons. Here, water is reabsorbed from the urine, and therefore, urine becomes concentrated. Reabsorption of water in collecting duct cells is regulated by the V2 vasopressin receptor. Inactivating mutations of V2 vasopressin receptor result in a loss of water reabsorption in collecting duct cells—the cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Schöneberg).

localized

DEFINITION:

Not general; restricted to a limited region or to one or more spots.

apical

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to or located at the apex.

u-AQP2

DEFINITION:

Urinary aquaporin-2.

VP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for vasopressin.

urinary

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the urine; containing or secreting urine.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

differentiation

DEFINITION:

1. The distinguishing of one thing or disease from another.

2. The act or process of acquiring completely individual characters, as occurs in the progressive diversification of cells and tissues of the embryo.

3. Increase in morphological or chemical heterogeneity.

polyuric

DEFINITION:

Pertaining to the passage of a large volume of urine in a given period, a characteristic of diabetes.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

VP

DEFINITION:

Abbreviation for vasopressin.