permission

DEFINITION:

Formal consent; authorization.

hormone

DEFINITION:

A product of living cells that circulates in body fluids and produces a specific effect on the activity of cells remote from its point of origin; especially: one exerting a stimulatory effect on a cellular activity.

hypophysiotropic hormones - Hormones produced by the hypothalamus, usually releasing hormones (see below), which maintain the endocrine functions of cells of the adenohypophysis.

neurohormone - A hormone secreted by a specialized neuron into the bloodstream, the cerebrospinal fluid, or the intercellular spaces of the nervous system.

releasing hormones - Hormones elaborated in one structure that cause the release of hormones from another structure, such as those from the hypothalamus that act on the adenohypophysis. The term is applied to substances of established chemical identity, whereas substances of unknown chemical structure are called releasing factors .

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

disorders

DEFINITION:

Derangements or abnormalities of function; morbid physical or mental states.

vasopressin-2 receptor

DEFINITION:

The molecular structure within a cell or on the surface to which the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, binds.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

water-transporting protein

DEFINITION:

Protein that binds to water and provides a transport system for it.

aquaporin-2

DEFINITION:

Also called WCH-CD, this water channel makes the principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct in the kidneys more permeable to water. Lack of functional aquaporin-2 gene leads to a rare form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

binds

DEFINITION:

1. To wrap with a binder or bandage.

2. To form a weak, reversible chemical bond, e.g., antigen to antibody or hormone to receptor.

V2Rs

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptors.

kidney collecting duct

DEFINITION:

Also known as the tubulus renalis colligens , or renal collecting tubule: that structure of the kidney consisting of the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

molecular sequence

DEFINITION:

See definition 3 under sequence.

apical membrane

DEFINITION:

See under membrane.

principal cell

DEFINITION:

1. The fundamental cells of an organ, which usually have a specific function.
2. The principal cells are the chief cells, i.e., the most abundant cells of the parathyroid glands, being polygonal epithelial cells with a granular cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei, arranged in plates or cords, and which are rich in glycogen: the clear cells are more numerous and have relatively large nuclei and clear cytoplasm with few granules, while the dark cells are smaller with smaller and darker nuclei and finely granular cytoplasm with many granules. Intermediate forms also exist.

kidney collecting duct

DEFINITION:

Also known as the tubulus renalis colligens , or renal collecting tubule: that structure of the kidney consisting of the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

water permeable

DEFINITION:

Permitting passage of water.

water permeability

DEFINITION:

The property or state of being permeable to water.

kidney collecting duct

DEFINITION:

Also known as the tubulus renalis colligens , or renal collecting tubule: that structure of the kidney consisting of the arcuate renal tubule, straight collecting tubule, and papillary duct considered together.

reabsorb

DEFINITION:

To absorb again; to undergo or to subject to reabsorption.

concentrate

DEFINITION:

1. To bring to a common center; to gather together at one point.

2. To increase the strength by diminishing the bulk of, as of a liquid; to condense.

3. A drug or other preparation that has been strengthened by the evaporation of its non-active parts.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

body water balance

DEFINITION:

See fluid balance.

disorders

DEFINITION:

Derangements or abnormalities of function; morbid physical or mental states.

V2R

DEFINITION:

Vasopressin-2 receptor.

AQP2

DEFINITION:

Aquaporin-2.

molecular

DEFINITION:

Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules.

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

NDI

DEFINITION:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

NDI

DEFINITION:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

characterized

DEFINITION:

Marked or distinguished as a characteristic.

kidneys

DEFINITION:

A pair of vertebrate organs situated in the body cavity near the spinal column that excrete waste products of metabolism, in man are bean-shaped organs about 4-1/2 inches long lying behind the peritoneum in a mass of fatty tissue, and consist chiefly of nephrons by which urine is secreted, collected, and discharged into a main cavity whence it is conveyed by the ureter to the bladder.

concentrate

DEFINITION:

1. To bring to a common center; to gather together at one point.

2. To increase the strength by diminishing the bulk of, as of a liquid; to condense.

3. A drug or other preparation that has been strengthened by the evaporation of its non-active parts.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

vasopressin

DEFINITION:

1. One of two octapeptide hormones formed by the neuronal cells of the hypothalamic nuclei and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), the other being oxytocin. It stimulates the contraction of the muscular tissue of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure. It promotes contraction of the intestinal musculature and increases peristalsis, and also exerts some contractile influence on the uterus. It also has a specific effect on the epithelial cells of the distal portion of the uriniferous tubule, augmenting resorption of water independently of solutes, resulting in concentration of urine and dilution of blood serum. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarity of the plasma.

2. [USP], A pharmaceutical preparation of the same principle, prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of healthy domestic animals used for food by man; used mainly as an antidiuretic in the treatment of acute or chronic diabetes insipidus, administered intramuscularly as a test of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial-renal function in distinguishing central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; it may also be used to stimulate smooth muscle tissue, especially to induce vasoconstriction in the presence of hemorrhage. Called also antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

NDI

DEFINITION:

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

polyuria

DEFINITION:

The passage of a large volume of urine in a given period, a characteristic of diabetes.

chronic

DEFINITION:

Persisting over a long period of time.

urine

DEFINITION:

The fluid excreted by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and discharged through the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a bitter, saline taste.

polydipsia

DEFINITION:

Excessive or abnormal thirst.

chronic

DEFINITION:

Persisting over a long period of time.