presented

DEFINITION:

Having appeared or shown, as having appeared first at the os uteri (said of a fetus), or having appeared for examination, treatment, etc. (said of a patient).

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

DEFINITION:

A syndrome of polyuria and hyposthenuria caused by the failure of the renal tubules to reabsorb water in response to antidiuretic hormone, without disturbance in the renal filtration and solute excretion rates; the condition does not respond to exogenous vasopressin. It may be inherited as a rare X-linked trait or be acquired as a result of drug therapy or systemic disease.

Fanconi syndrome

DEFINITION:

1. A rare recessive disorder with a poor prognosis, characterized by pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, and patchy brown skin discoloration due to deposition of melanin, as well as multiple congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems. Called also Fanconi's syndrome; Fanconi's anemia, pancytopenia, or panmyelopathy; congenital hypoplastic anemia; congenital pancytopenia; constitutional infantile panmyelopathy; and pancytopenia-dysmelia syndrome.

2. A general term for a group of diseases marked by dysfunction of the proximal renal tubules, with generalized hyperaminoaciduria, renal glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, and bicarbonate and water loss; the most common cause is cystinosis, but it is also associated with other genetic diseases and occurs in idiopathic and acquired forms. When unassociated with cystinosis, the disorder is also called de Toni-Fanconi syndrome.

crystallization

DEFINITION:

The formation of crystals; conversion to a crystalline form.

cornea

DEFINITION:

The transparent structure forming the anterior part of the sclera of the eye. It consists of five layers: (1) the anterior corneal epithelium, continuous with that of the conjunctiva; (2) the anterior limiting layer (Bowman's membrane); (3) the substantia propria, or stroma; (4) the posterior limiting layer (Descemet's membrane); and (5) the endothelium of the anterior chamber.

bone marrow

DEFINITION:

Medulla ossium.

conservative

DEFINITION:

Designed to preserve health, restore function, and repair structures by nonradical methods, as conservative surgery.

acidosis

DEFINITION:

1. The accumulation of acid and hydrogen ions or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bicarbonate content) in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a decrease in pH.

2. The pathologic condition resulting from this process.

phosphorus

DEFINITION:

A nonmetallic, allotropic element: poisonous and highly inflammable; symbol, P; atomic number, 15; atomic weight, 30.974. It occurs in three forms---white (yellow), red, and black. It is obtainable from bones, urine, and especially minerals, such as apatite. Phosphorus is an essential element in the diet; it is a major component of the mineral phase of bone and is abundant in all tissues, being involved in some form in almost all metabolic processes. Free phosphorus causes a fatty degeneration of the liver and other viscera, and the inhalation of its vapor often leads to necrosis of the lower jaw. Therapeutically, it was once used in rickets, osteomalacia, nervous and cerebral diseases, scrofula, and tuberculosis, as a genital stimulant in sexual exhaustion, and as a tonic in conditions of exhaustion.

calcium

DEFINITION:

A silvery yellow metal, the basic element of lime. Symbol, Ca; atomic number, 20; atomic weight, 40.08. It is found in nearly all organized tissues, being the most abundant mineral in the body. In combination with phosphorus it forms calcium phosphate, the dense, hard material of the teeth and bones. It is an essential dietary element, a constant blood calcium level being essential for the maintenance of the normal heartbeat, and for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles. It also plays a role in multiple phases of blood coagulation and in many enzymatic processes.

acidosis

DEFINITION:

1. The accumulation of acid and hydrogen ions or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bicarbonate content) in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a decrease in pH.

2. The pathologic condition resulting from this process.

tissues

DEFINITION:

See definitions under "tissue."

progression

DEFINITION:

1. The act of moving or walking forward.

2. The process of spreading or becoming more severe.