research
The definitions used in this glossary of terminology either have been provided by the authors of the articles, or have been extracted wholly or in part, or paraphrased from the following sources: The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, Charles B. Clayman, MD, Medical Editor, Random House, New York, 1989; Biotechnology from A to Z, 2d Edition, William Bains, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; A Dictionary of Genetics, 6th Edition, Robert C. King and William D. Stansfield, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th and 30th Editions, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2000, 2003; Genes VII, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2000; The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders, Volumes I and II, Stacey L. Blachford, Ed., Thomson Learning, New York, New York, 2002; The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts, 1997; Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd Edition, Bruce Alberts, et al., Garland Publishing, 1994; The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged Edition, 1966; Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1991.
DEFINITION:
- research
-
1. Careful or diligent search.
2. Studious inquiry or examination aimed at the discovery and interpretation of new knowledge.
3. The collecting of information about a particular subject.
Used in 10 Article abstracts
Used in 10 Article abstracts
- Aquaporin Molecular Biology and Clinical Abnormalities of the Water Transport Channels
- Aquaporins: From Physiology to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Clinical Utility of Direct Mutation Testing for Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Families
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Receptor Activation and Selectivity of G-Protein Recognition
- In Vivo Role of CLC Chloride Channels in the Kidney
- Molecular Aspects of Water Transport
- Molecular Physiology of Urinary Concentrating Mechanism: Regulation of Aquaporin Water Channels by Vasopressin
- Molecular and Cellular Defects in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Signal Transduction by G Proteins: 1994 Edition
- Water Channels
Used in 6 Article bodies
Used in 6 Article bodies
- A Novel Polymorphism in the Coding Region of the Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor Gene
- Evidence that the Antidiuretic Substance in the Plasma of Children with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is Antidiuretic Hormone
- Hyperosmolar Coma and Lithium-induced Diabetes Insipidus
- Importance of the Mercury-Sensitive Cysteine on Function and Routing of AQP1 and AQP2 in Oocytes
- Proposed Cause of Marked Vasopressin Resistance in a Female with an X-Linked Recessive V2 Receptor Abnormality
- Role of Vasopressin in Abnormal Water Excretion in Cirrhotic Patients
Used in 153 Article translations
Used in 153 Article translations
- A Compartmental Model Predicts that Dietary Potassium Affects Lithium Dynamics in Rats
- A Fully Active Nonglycosylated V2 Vasopressin Receptor
- A Heterotrimeric G Protein of the Gi Family is Required for cAMP-triggered Trafficking of Aquaporin 2 in Kidney Epithelial Cells
- A Low Affinity Vasopressin V2-Receptor in Inherited Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- A Novel Mechanism in Recessive Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Wild-Type Aquaporin-2 Rescues the Apical Membrane Expression of Intracellularly Retained AQP2-P262L
- A Null Mutation in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene (AVPR2) Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in the Hopewell Kindred
- A Role for K268 in V2R Folding
- A Variant of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: V2 Receptor Abnormality Restricted to the Kidney
- Aldose Reductase-Deficient Mice Develop Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Altered Expression of COX-1, COX-2, and mPGES in Rats with Nephrogenic and Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Amiloride-Hydrochlorothiazide Versus Indomethacin-Hydrochlorothiazide in the Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Aminoglycoside Pretreatment Partially Restores the Function of Truncated V2 Vasopressin Receptors Found in Patients with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Aminoglycoside-Mediated Rescue of a Disease-Causing Nonsense Mutation in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene In Vitro and In Vivo
- An Impaired Routing of Wild-type Aquaporin-2 after Tetramerization with an Aquaporin-2 Mutant Explains Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- An X-linked NDI Mutation Reveals a Requirement for Cell Surface V2R Expression
- Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blockade Decreases Vasopressin-Induced Water Reabsorption and AQP2 Levels in NaCl-Restricted Rats
- Antidiuretic Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Is Associated with Upregulation of Aquaporin-2, Na-Cl Co-transporter, and Epithelial Sodium Channel
- Aquaporins: From Physiology to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Bidirectional Regulation of AQP2 Trafficking and Recycling: Involvement of AQP2-S256 Phosphorylation
- Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction Downregulates Expression of Vasopressin-Sensitive AQP-2 Water Channel in Rat Kidney
- Biology and Genetics of Inherited Renal Tubular Disorders (editorial)
- Brief Report: A Molecular Defect in the Vasopressin V2-Receptor Gene Causing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Calcineurin-NFATc Signaling Pathway Regulates AQP2 Expression in Response to Calcium Signals and Osmotic Stress
- Cellular Mechanism of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Rats
- Changes of Rat Kidney AQP2 and Na,K-ATPase mRNA Expression in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Characterization of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in a Polarized Cell Model
- Characterization of an Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Gene Mutation Causing Partial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in a Mexican Family: Evidence of Increased Frequency of the Mutation in the Town of Origin
- Cloning of an Aquaporin Homologue Present in Water Channel Containing Endosomes of Toad Urinary Bladder
- Cloning, Characterization, and Chromosomal Mapping of Human Aquaporin of Collecting Duct
- Compartmentalization of cAMP-Dependent Signaling by Phosphodiesterase-4D is Involved in the Regulation of Vasopressin-Mediated Water Reabsorption in Renal Principal Cells
- Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase in Hypothalami of Normal and Hereditary Diabetes Insipidus Rats and Mice: Role of Nitric Oxide in Osmotic Regulation and its Mechanism
- Constitutive and Regulated Membrane Expression of Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 2 Water Channels in Stably Transfected LLC-PK1 Epithelial Cells
- Current Understanding of the Cellular Biology and Molecular Structure of the Antidiuretic Hormone-stimulated Water Transport Pathway
- Cytoplasmic Dilution Induces Antidiuretic Hormone Water Channel Retrieval in Toad Urinary Bladder
- Desmopressin for Nocturnal Enuresis in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Development of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is Dissociated from Adenylyl Cyclase Activity
- Diabetes Insipidus (Hendy, Bichet)
- Diabetes Insipidus (Robertson)
- Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus
- Disease-Causing V2 Vasopressin Receptors are Retained in Different Compartments of the Early Secretory Pathway
- Disordered Water Channel Expression and Distribution in Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Do Aquaporins Have a Role in Nocturnal Enuresis?
- Downregulation of Aquaporin-2 Parallels Changes in Renal Water Excretion in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
- Dual Actions of Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Regulation of Water Permeability in Terminal Collecting Duct
- Dynein and dynactin colocalize with AQP2 water channels in intracellular vesicles from kidney collecting duct
- Effects of Arginine Vasopressin and 1-Desamino-8-D Arginine Vasopressin on Forearm Vasculature of Healthy Subjects and Patients with a V2 Receptor Defect
- Endosomes from Kidney Collecting Tubule Cells Contain the Vasopressin-sensitive Water Channel
- Evidence for Stabilization of Aquaporin-2 Folding Mutants by N-linked Glycosylation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Fibrinolytic Responses to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin in Patients with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- From Vasopressin Receptor to Water Channel: Intracellular Traffic, Constraint and By-pass
- Functional Analysis of Aquaporin-2 Mutants Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus by Yeast Expression
- Functional Rescue of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants in MDCK Cells by Pharmacochaperones: Relevance to Therapy of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Functional Rescue of the Constitutively Internalized V2 Vasopressin Receptor Mutant R137H by the Pharmacological Chaperone Action of SR49059
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Receptor Activation and Selectivity of G-Protein Recognition
- Genetic Restoration of Aldose Reductase to the Collecting Tubules Restores Maturation of the Urine Concentrating Mechanism
- Heat Shock Protein 70 Interacts with Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and Regulates Its Trafficking
- Hereditary Vasopressin Resistance in Man and Mouse
- Heteroligomerization of an Aquaporin-2 Mutant with Wild-Type Aquaporin-2 and Their Misrouting to Late Endosomes/Lysosomes Explains Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- High Activity of Low-Michaelis-Menten Constant 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Phosphodiesterase Isozymes in Renal Inner Medulla of Mice With Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- High Proton Flux through Membranes Containing Antidiuretic Hormone Water Channels
- Identification of a Multiprotein "Motor" Complex Binding to Water Channel Aquaporin-2
- Identification of a Novel A-kinase Anchoring Protein 18 Isoform and Evidence for its Role in the Vasopressin-induced Aquaporin-2 Shuttle in Renal Principal Cells
- Increased Renal Responsiveness to Vasopressin and Enhanced V2 Receptor Signaling in RGS2-/- Mice
- Induction of Intramembranous Particle Clusters in Mice with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Inheritance of Mutations in the V2 Receptor Gene in Thirteen Families with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Inhibition of Endocytosis Causes Phosphorylation (S256)-Independent Plasma Membrane Accumulation of AQP-2
- Insulin Potentiates AVP-induced AQP2 Expression in Cultured Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells
- Isolation of Human aquaporin-CD Gene
- Lithium Nephrotoxicity
- Long-Term Regulation of Urinary Concentrating Capacity
- MAL Decreases the Internalization of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Water Permeability in Renal Epithelia
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Water Transport in the Kidney
- Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Induces Vasopressin-Independent Apical Accumulation of Aquaporin-2 in the Isolated, Perfused Rat Kidney
- Misfolding of Mutant Aquaporin-2 Water Channels in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Molecular Analyses of the Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor and Aquaporin-2 Genes in Brazilian Kindreds with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Molecular Analysis of X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Molecular Aspects of Water Transport
- Molecular Identification of the Gene Responsible for Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Molecular Insights into the Pathogenesis of Inherited Renal Tubular Disorders
- Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Development in Aquaporin Water Channel Diseases: Molecular Mechanism of Water Channel Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
- Mutations in the Founder of the MIP Gene Family Underlie Cataract Development in the Mouse
- Mutations in the Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor Gene (AVPR2) Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene in Families with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Functional Expression of the Q-2 Mutant
- Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor and Aquaporin-2 Genes in 12 Families with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) Causes Aquaporin-2 Trafficking in the Renal Inner Medullary Collecting Duct by Direct Activation of Protein Kinase A
- Nature and Recurrence of AVPR2 Mutations in X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused By Mutation of Tyr205: A Key Residue of V2 Vasopressin Receptor Function
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, Thiazide Treatment and Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. A V2 Vasopressin Receptor Unable to Stimulate Adenylyl Cyclase
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: An X Chromosome-Linked Dominant Inheritance Pattern with a Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor Gene that is Structurally Normal
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Clinical Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Genetics and Treatment
- New Mutations in the AQP2 Gene in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Resulting in Functional but Misrouted Water Channels
- Novel Mutations in the V2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene of Patients with X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Osmolality and Solute Composition are Strong Regulators of AQP2 Expression in Renal Principal Cells
- Oxytocin Induces Apical and Basolateral Redistribution of Aquaporin-2 in Rat Kidney
- Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autosomal-Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused by an Aquaporin 2 Mutation
- Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin Water Channels
- Pemetrexed-Induced Acute Renal Failure, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, and Renal Tubular Acidosis in a Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Pharmacochaperones Post-Translationally Enhance Cell Surface Expression by Increasing Conformational Stability of Wild-Type and Mutant Vasopressin V2 Receptors
- Pharmacologic Chaperones as a Potential Treatment for X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Pharmacological Chaperones Rescue Cell-Surface Expression and Function of Misfolded V2 Vasopressin Receptor Mutants
- Pharmacological Chaperones in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Possibilities for Clinical Application
- Pharmacological Chaperones: Potential Treatment for Conformational Diseases
- Phenotypes Developed in Secretin Receptor-Null Mice Indicated a Role for Secretin in Regulating Renal Water Reabsorption
- Phosphorylation of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Polarized Expression of the Vasopressin V2 Receptor in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary in Diabetes Insipidus: Dynamic MR Imaging
- Prolongation of Antidiuretic Response to Desmopressin Acetate by Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery in Rats
- Rat Kidney Papilla Contains Abundant Synaptobrevin Protein that Participates in the Fusion of Antidiuretic Hormone-regulated Water Channel-containing Endosomes In Vitro
- Reconstitution of Mutant V2 Vasopressin Receptors by Adenovirus-mediated Gene Transfer
- Regulation of Membrane Permeability by Vasopressin; Activation of the Water Permeability Pathway in Toad Urinary Bladder by N-Ethyl-Maleimide
- Relief of Nocturnal Enuresis by Desmopressin is Kidney and Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor Independent
- Renal Function On and Off Lithium in Patients Treated with Lithium for 15 Years or More. A Controlled, Prospective Lithium-Withdrawal Study
- Rescue of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutants by Chemical Chaperones: Specificity and Mechanism
- Rescue of a Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus-Causing Vasopressin V2 Receptor Mutant by Cell-Penetrating Peptides
- Reversed Polarized Delivery of an Aquaporin-2 Mutant Causes Dominant Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Role of Aquaporin-2 Water Channels in Urinary Concentration and Dilution Defects
- Role of Sodium Depletion in Acute Antidiuretic Effect of Bendroflumethiazide in Rats with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Role of cAMP-Phosphodiesterase Isozymes in Pathogenesis of Murine Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Short-Chain Ubiquitination Mediates the Regulated Endocytosis of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- Stimulation of AQP2 Membrane Insertion in Renal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by the cGMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)
- The 17 kDa Band Identified by Multiple Anti-Aquaporin 2 Antisera in Rat Kidney Medulla is a Histone
- The Aquaporin Family of Water Channels in Kidney: an Update on Physiology and Pathophysiology of Aquaporin-2
- The C-Terminal Tail of Aquaporin-2 Determines Apical Trafficking
- The Cellular Action of Antidiuretic Hormone
- The Effect of Eight V2 Vasopressin Receptor Mutations on Stimulation of Adenylyl Cyclase and Binding to Vasopressin
- The Hydrophobic Amino Acid Residues in the Membrane-Proximal C Tail of the G Protein-Coupled Vasopressin V2 Receptor are Necessary for Transport-Competent Receptor Folding
- The Ins and Outs of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
- The Molecular Basis of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- The Molecular Structure of the Antidiuretic Hormone Elicited Water Channel
- The Proteasome is Involved in the Degradation of Different Aquaporin-2 Mutants Causing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- The Role of Membrane Turnover in the Water Permeability Response to Antidiuretic Hormone
- The Role of Putative Phosphorylation Sites in the Targeting and Shuttling of the Aquaporin-2 Water Channel
- The Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor Gene. Chromosomal Localization and Its Role in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Three Novel AVPR2 Mutations in Three Japanese Families with X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Tonicity-Responsive Enhancer Binding Protein is an Essential Regulator of Aquaporin-2 Expression in Renal Collecting Duct Principal Cells
- Transient Central Diabetes Insipidus in the Setting of Underlying Chronic Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Associated with Lithium Use
- Two Novel Mutations in the Vasopressin V2 Receptor Gene in Unrelated Japanese Kindreds with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Two Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor Gene Mutations R143P and Delta V278 in Patients with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Impair Ligand Binding of the Receptor
- Type 2 Vasopressin Receptor Gene, the Gene Responsible for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, Maps to Xq28 Close to the LICAM Gene
- Upregulation of Urea Transporter UT-A2 and Water Channels AQP2 and AQP3 in Mice Lacking Urea Transporter UT-B
- Urinary Concentrating Mechanism: The Role of the Inner Medulla
- Urinary Content of Aquaporin 1 and 2 in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Vasopressin-Independent Renal Urinary Concentration: Increased rBSC1 and Enhanced Countercurrent Multiplication
- Vasopressin-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase: Subunit Interactions Assessed by Target Analysis and Computer Modelling
- Water Channels
- Water Channels Encoded by Mutant Aquaporin-2 Genes in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus are Impaired in Their Cellular Routing
- Water Channels in Cell Membranes
- Water Channels in Health and Disease
- X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: from the Ship Hopewell to RFLP Studies
Used in 5 Faq answers
Used in 5 Faq answers
- How can I contact other people who are dealing with NDI?
- How can I help other families with NDI?
- Is there any way I can contribute to the search for treatment and a cure for NDI?
- What are potential new future treatments?
- What can I do to help support research for better treatment and a cure for NDI?
Used in 4 Proceeding abstracts
Used in 4 Proceeding abstracts
- Decrease in urine volume and increase in urine osmolality after SR49059 administration in five adult male patients with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Mutation Database
- Purinergic Control of Medullary Collecting Duct Function: A Novel Vasopressin-independent Regulatory Mechanism
- Rediscovery of Swedish Kindred with X-linked 'Vasopressin-Responsive' Diabetes Insipidus: Validation and Explanation of the Unusual Clinical Phenotype
Used in 24 Proceeding translations
Used in 24 Proceeding translations
- A defect in AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser256 in the Golgi apparatus might explain the molecular basis of the dominant form of NDI caused by the mutation E258K-AQP2
- Bypassing the vasopressin receptor in aquaporin 2 trafficking: from cell biology to potential therapy of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Decreased Aquaporin-2 Water Channel Expression in Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Identification of proteins involved in the vasopressin-induced shuttle of aquaporin-2
- Lithium-induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: A Cell Culture Model
- Long- and Short-Term Regulation of AQP2 Expression and Function
- Long-range transcriptional regulation of the AVPR2 gene
- Long-term regulation of aquaporin-2: a possible therapeutic approach to NDI?
- Mineralocorticoid receptor mediated ENaC and AQP2 regulation in rats with lithium-induced NDI
- Mutations of the vasopressin V2 receptor gene in X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: functional analysis of receptor mutants and identification of new mutations in Italian families.
- Naturally occurring and in vitro mutations defining the role of the NPXXY motif in the vasopressin V2 receptor
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Patients in Japan
- New insights in water channel physiology revealed by transgenic mouse models
- Novel Roles of Aquaporin Water Channels Revealed by Phenotype Analysis of Knockout Mice
- Phenotype of aquaporin knockout mice, and AQP2 misprocessing in NDI
- Prostaglandins as Stimulants of AQP2 Expression: a Possible Future Treatment for NDI?
- Quality control of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus-causing vasopressin V2 receptor mutants in the ER and in the ER/Golgi intermediate compartment
- Rediscovery of Swedish Kindred with X-linked 'Vasopressin-Responsive' Diabetes Insipidus: Validation and Explanation of the Unusual Clinical Phenotype
- Regulation of AQP2 trafficking and recycling by dopamine, PGE2 and ANP: involvement of AQP2-S256 phosphorylation
- V2 vasopressin receptor function studied in mice and yeast
- V2 vasopressin receptor-arrestin interactions
- V2 vasopressin receptor-deficient mouse model: Pathophysiological changes and therapeutical implications
- Vasopressin-Independent Regulation of Aquaporin-2 Protein
- Wild-type aquaporin-2 rescues a novel aquaporin-2 mutant in recessive Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus to the apical plasma membrane



