sodium
The definitions used in this glossary of terminology either have been provided by the authors of the articles, or have been extracted wholly or in part, or paraphrased from the following sources: The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, Charles B. Clayman, MD, Medical Editor, Random House, New York, 1989; Biotechnology from A to Z, 2d Edition, William Bains, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; A Dictionary of Genetics, 6th Edition, Robert C. King and William D. Stansfield, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th and 30th Editions, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2000, 2003; Genes VII, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2000; The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders, Volumes I and II, Stacey L. Blachford, Ed., Thomson Learning, New York, New York, 2002; The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts, 1997; Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd Edition, Bruce Alberts, et al., Garland Publishing, 1994; The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged Edition, 1966; Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1991.
DEFINITION:
- sodium
-
A silver white soft waxy ductile element of the alkali metal group that occurs abundantly in nature in combined form and is very active chemically.
Used in 28 Article abstracts
Used in 28 Article abstracts
- A Case of a Novel Mutant Vasopressin Receptor-Dependent Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus With Bilateral Non-Obstructive Hydronephrosis in a Middle Aged Man
- Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blockade Decreases Vasopressin-Induced Water Reabsorption and AQP2 Levels in NaCl-Restricted Rats
- Changes of Rat Kidney AQP2 and Na,K-ATPase mRNA Expression in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide and Indomethacin Treatment on Renal Function in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Effective Water Clearance and Tonicity Balance: The Excretion of Water Revisited
- Effects of Dietary Fat, NaCl, and Fructose on Renal Sodium and Water Transporter Abundances and Systemic Blood Pressure
- Emergency Treatment of Lithium-Induced Diabetes Insipidus with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
- Evidence for a Role of Protein Kinase C-a in Urine Concentration
- High Activity of Low-Michaelis-Menten Constant 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Phosphodiesterase Isozymes in Renal Inner Medulla of Mice With Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Impaired Solute Accumulation in Inner Medulla of Clcnk1-/- Mice Kidney
- Mechanism of Antidiuresis Caused by Bendroflumethiazide in Conscious Rats with Diabetes Insipidus
- Mechanisms of Impaired Urinary Concentrating Ability in Adult Rats Treated Neonatally with Enalapril
- Mechanisms of Improvement of Water and Sodium Excretion by Immersion in Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Presenting After Head Trauma
- Pharmacologic Chaperones as a Potential Treatment for X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Physiology of ADH Secretion
- Potential Role of Increased Sympathetic Activity in Impaired Sodium and Water Excretion in Cirrhosis
- Recent Insights into the Coordinate Regulation of Body Water and Divalent Mineral Ion Metabolism
- Renal Expression of Sodium Transporters and Aquaporin-2 in Hypothyroid Rats
- Role of Sodium Depletion in Acute Antidiuretic Effect of Bendroflumethiazide in Rats with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Segment Specific ENaC Downregulation in Kidney of Rats with Lithium-Induced NDI
- The Molecular Basis of Renal Tubular Transport Disorders
- Therapeutic Potential of Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists
- Treatment of Lithium-Induced Diabetes Insipidus with Amiloride
- Urea Transporter UT-A1 and Aquaporin-2 Proteins Decrease in Response to Angiotensin II or Norepinephrine-Induced Acute Hypertension
- Urinary Concentrating Defect in Experimental Hemochromatosis
- Vasopressin-Independent Renal Urinary Concentration: Increased rBSC1 and Enhanced Countercurrent Multiplication
- Xanthopterin-Induced Renal Dysfunction: A Reversible Model of Crystal Nephropathy
Used in 11 Article bodies
Used in 11 Article bodies
- Hyperosmolar Coma and Lithium-induced Diabetes Insipidus
- Index of Suspicion. Case 2. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Intracranial Calcification in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Treated with Indomethacin
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Following High Dose Epirubicin Chemotherapy for Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma [Letter]
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Secondary to Lithium Therapy in the Postoperative Patient: A Case Report
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Transmitted by Females and Appearing During Infancy in Males
- Prolongation of Antidiuretic Response to Desmopressin Acetate by Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery in Rats
- Risk Factors for Ifosfamide Nephrotoxicity in Children
- Role of Vasopressin in Abnormal Water Excretion in Cirrhotic Patients
Used in 57 Article translations
Used in 57 Article translations
- A Compartmental Model Predicts that Dietary Potassium Affects Lithium Dynamics in Rats
- A Congenital Defect of Water Metabolism
- A Family Case of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Amelioration of Polyuria in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Due to Aquaporin-2 Deficiency
- Amiloride-Hydrochlorothiazide Versus Indomethacin-Hydrochlorothiazide in the Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Analysis of Vasopressin Receptor Type II (V2R) Gene in Three Japanese Pedigrees with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Identification of a Family with Complete Deletion of the V2R Gene
- Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blockade Decreases Vasopressin-Induced Water Reabsorption and AQP2 Levels in NaCl-Restricted Rats
- Antidiuretic Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Is Associated with Upregulation of Aquaporin-2, Na-Cl Co-transporter, and Epithelial Sodium Channel
- Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction Downregulates Expression of Vasopressin-Sensitive AQP-2 Water Channel in Rat Kidney
- Brief Report: A Mutation in the Vasopressin V2-Receptor Gene in a Kindred with X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Changes of Rat Kidney AQP2 and Na,K-ATPase mRNA Expression in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Concentrating Defect in Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome: Altered Expression of Aquaporins and Thick Ascending Limb Na+ Transporters
- Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in an Adult
- Congestive Heart Failure in Rats is Associated with Increased Expression and Targeting of Aquaporin-2 Water Channel in Collecting Duct
- Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase in Hypothalami of Normal and Hereditary Diabetes Insipidus Rats and Mice: Role of Nitric Oxide in Osmotic Regulation and its Mechanism
- Diabetes Insipidus [Bell]
- Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria
- Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide and Indomethacin Treatment on Renal Function in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Emergency Treatment of Lithium-Induced Diabetes Insipidus with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
- Hemifacial Spasm in Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy with Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism and Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus--Case Report
- High Serum Immunoreactive Trypsin Not Caused by Cystic Fibrosis (letter)
- Homer Smith: His Contribution to the Practice of Nephrology
- Hyperosmolar Coma and Lithium-induced Diabetes Insipidus
- Hypokalemic Nephropathy and Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Due to Excessive Consumption of a Soft Drink
- Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
- Ifosfamide-induced Renal Fanconi Syndrome with Associated Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in an Adult Patient
- In Vitro Micro-Autoradiography of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Renal Diseases
- Index of Suspicion. Case 2. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Intracranial Calcification in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Intracranial Calcification in Siblings with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: CT and MRI
- Intracranial Calcifications Associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Treated with Indomethacin
- Long-Term Regulation of Urinary Concentrating Capacity
- Mechanism of Antidiuresis Caused by Bendroflumethiazide in Conscious Rats with Diabetes Insipidus
- Mild Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Caused by Foxa1 Deficiency
- Molecular Analysis of X-Linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Presenting After Head Trauma
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Secondary to Lithium Therapy in the Postoperative Patient: A Case Report
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Transmitted by Females and Appearing During Infancy in Males
- Normal Hemodynamic and Coagulation Responses to 1-Diamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin in a Case of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Results of Treatment by a Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitor (Indomethacin).
- Pharmacologic Chaperones as a Potential Treatment for X-linked Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Phenotypes Developed in Secretin Receptor-Null Mice Indicated a Role for Secretin in Regulating Renal Water Reabsorption
- Polyuria and Polydipsia. Problems Associated with Patient Evaluation
- Recurrent Dehydration in a Young Girl
- Role of Sodium Depletion in Acute Antidiuretic Effect of Bendroflumethiazide in Rats with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Successful Treatment with Hydrochlorothiazide and Amiloride in an Infant with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Therapy for Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Transient Central Diabetes Insipidus in the Setting of Underlying Chronic Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Associated with Lithium Use
- Transport Defects of Rabbit Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells in Obstructive Nephropathy
- Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus with Hydrochlorothiazide and Amiloride
- Urea Transporter UT-A1 and Aquaporin-2 Proteins Decrease in Response to Angiotensin II or Norepinephrine-Induced Acute Hypertension
- Urinary Concentrating Mechanism: The Role of the Inner Medulla
- Vasopressin Receptors in Health and Disease
- Vasopressin-Independent Renal Urinary Concentration: Increased rBSC1 and Enhanced Countercurrent Multiplication
- Xanthopterin-Induced Renal Dysfunction: A Reversible Model of Crystal Nephropathy
Used in 10 Faq answers
Used in 10 Faq answers
- What causes NDI?
- How can I make my infant more comfortable?
- How do each of the three most commonly prescribed medications for NDI treatment (chlorothiazide/hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride, and indomethacin) work in the body?
- How do the medications interact with each other?
- How is NDI diagnosed?
- How is NDI treated?
- In NDI patients with hypernatremia, is the hypernatremia due to the inability of the patient to drink the huge volumes of water needed to maintain fluid balance or the blunting of thirst?
- What are the long-term side effects of the medications?
- What is the normal range of serum sodium?
- Why do NDI infants vomit so much?
Used in 21 Proceeding abstracts
Used in 21 Proceeding abstracts
- A Novel dominant mutation of the aquaporin-2 gene resulting in partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- A mouse model for X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- A patient's perspective
- Antidiuretic Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Is Associated with Upregulation of Aquaporin-2, Na-Cl Cotransporter and Epithelial Sodium Channel
- Candesartan treatment prevents dysregulation of AQP2, BSC-1 and NaPi2 in ureteral obstruction-induced NDI
- Clinical and genetic approaches to the diagnosis of congenital polyuro-polydipsic syndromes
- Clinical presentation of the polyuric and hyperprostaglandinuric salt losing tubulopathies (HPS/aBS) and the therapeutic option with COX inhibitors
- Collecting Duct Specific Gene Regulation: Creation And Use of Transgenic Mouse Models
- Decrease in urine volume and increase in urine osmolality after SR49059 administration in five adult male patients with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Downregulation of renal aquaporins and sodium transporters in rats with bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) is prevented by a-MSH treatment
- Effects of Carbenoxolone on Sodium Transporter and Aquaporin-2 Abundance in Kidney
- Expressional alteration of sodium transporter in the thick ascending limb of Henle and urinary concentration
- Growth in males with (well-managed) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Mineralocorticoid receptor mediated ENaC and AQP2 regulation in rats with lithium-induced NDI
- Modulation of aquaporin-2 expression in primary cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells
- Nutritional Concerns for Persons with NDI
- Obstructive nephropathy -- a common acquired condition of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Osmolality and solute composition regulate aquaporin-2 expression in primary cultured renal principal cells
- Regulation of renal aquaporins and sodium transporters in conditions with urinary tract obstruction
- The Low Sodium Diet for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- cDNA Array Analysis Identifies Vasopressin Regulation of 11 bHSD-2 in Rat Renal Collecting Duct
Used in 12 Proceeding translations
Used in 12 Proceeding translations
- Antidiuretic Effect of Hydrochlorothiazide in Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Is Associated with Upregulation of Aquaporin-2, Na-Cl Cotransporter and Epithelial Sodium Channel
- Candesartan treatment prevents dysregulation of AQP2, BSC-1 and NaPi2 in ureteral obstruction-induced NDI
- Diversity of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Mutations and Importance of Early Recognition and Treatment
- Downregulation of renal aquaporins and sodium transporters in rats with bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) is prevented by a-MSH treatment
- Effects of Carbenoxolone on Sodium Transporter and Aquaporin-2 Abundance in Kidney
- Expressional alteration of sodium transporter in the thick ascending limb of Henle and urinary concentration
- Growth in males with (well-managed) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Mineralocorticoid receptor mediated ENaC and AQP2 regulation in rats with lithium-induced NDI
- Modulation of aquaporin-2 expression in primary cultured rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells
- Nutritional Concerns for Persons with NDI
- Regulation of renal aquaporins and sodium transporters in conditions with urinary tract obstruction
- cDNA Array Analysis Identifies Vasopressin Regulation of 11 bHSD-2 in Rat Renal Collecting Duct
Used in 29 Term definitions
Used in 29 Term definitions
- Liddle's syndrome
- NKCC2/BSC1
- Na and NA
- ROMK
- aldosterone
- amiloride
- blood tests
- calcium channel
- casein
- compensate
- compensation
- congestive heart failure
- disodium
- epithelial sodium channel
- flame photometry
- hypernatremia
- hyponatremia
- loop diuretics
- mineralocorticoids
- natriuresis
- overflow theory
- potassium-sparing diuretic
- prostaglandin E2
- reabsorption
- renin-angiotensin system
- sodium channel
- sodium pump
- triamterene
- underfilling theory
