type 1 diabetes mellitus
The definitions used in this glossary of terminology either have been provided by the authors of the articles, or have been extracted wholly or in part, or paraphrased from the following sources: The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, Charles B. Clayman, MD, Medical Editor, Random House, New York, 1989; Biotechnology from A to Z, 2d Edition, William Bains, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; A Dictionary of Genetics, 6th Edition, Robert C. King and William D. Stansfield, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2002; Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th and 30th Editions, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2000, 2003; Genes VII, Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2000; The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders, Volumes I and II, Stacey L. Blachford, Ed., Thomson Learning, New York, New York, 2002; The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts, 1997; Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd Edition, Bruce Alberts, et al., Garland Publishing, 1994; The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged Edition, 1966; Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1991.
DEFINITION:
- type 1 diabetes mellitus
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One of two main types of diabetes mellitus. Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, the more severe form of the two, usually first appears in people under the age of 35 and most commonly in people between the ages of 10 and 16. It develops rapidly. The insulin - secreting cells in the pancreas are destroyed, probably as a result of an immune response after a virus infection, and insulin production ceases almost completely. Without regular injections of insulin, the sufferer lapses into a coma.
The disease is characterized by abrupt onset of symptoms, insulinopenia, and dependence on exogenous insulin to sustain life; islet cell antibodies are usually detectable at diagnosis. When it is inadequately controlled, lack of insulin causes hyperglycemia, protein wasting, and production of ketone bodies owing to increased fat metabolism, and the hyperglycemia leads to overflow glycosuria, osmotic diuresis, hyperosmolarity, dehydration, and diabetic ketoacidosis. It is accompanied by angiopathy of blood vessels, particularly the small ones (microangiopathy), which affects the retinas, kidneys, and basement membrane of arterioles throughout the body. Other symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, paresthesias, blurred vision, and irritability; if untreated, diabetic ketoacidosis progresses to nausea and vomiting, stupor, and potentially fatal hyperosmolar coma. Called also insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus , juvenile or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and Type I diabetes mellitus .
Used in 4 Term definitions
Used in 4 Term definitions