Many of the scientific terms found in the abstracts, articles and lay translations presented on our site are included in this section. We are continually adding terminology found in both new and existing documents.
| B cell | baseline |
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1. Beta cell (def. 1).
2. Basophil (def. 3).
3. (In plural) B lymphocytes.
An observation or value that represents the normal background level, or an initial level, of a measurable quantity; used for comparison with values representing response to experimental intervention or an environmental stimulus, usually implying that the baseline and response values refer to the same individual or system.
1. Beta cell (def. 1).
2. Basophil (def. 3).
3. (In plural) B lymphocytes.
Pneumonia caused by bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus hemolytica, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and others.
An obstruction.
1. Beta cells (def. 1).
2. Basophil (def. 3).
3. B lymphocytes.
An antibacterial antibody that produces lysis of bacterial cells.
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells, producing hypokalemic alkalosis and hyperaldosteronism, characterized by absence of hypertension in the presence of markedly increased plasma renin concentrations, and by insensitivity to the pressor effects of angiotensin. It usually affects children, may be hereditary, and may be associated with other anomalies such as mental retardation and short stature. Called also juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia.
B cells; bursa-dependent lymphocytes and their counterparts in nonavian vertebrates, the cells primarily responsible for humoral immunity, the precursors of antibody-producing cells (plasma cells). In birds B cell maturation takes place in the bursa of Fabricius; the hypothesized analogous tissue in other vertebrates was termed the "bursa-equivalent" tissue. It now appears that B cell maturation occurs primarily in the bone marrow in mammals. B cells are characterized by the presence of surface immunoglobulin, monomeric IgM or IgD, which constitutes the B-cell antigen receptors. When stimulated by antigen, a process that requires the cooperation of helper T cells and macrophages, B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells. The entire clone of cells descended from a single activated B cell produces immunoglobulins having the same antigen combining site as that in the antigen receptors of the original cell; thus all of the antibody produced and all of the memory cells are specific for the antigen that induced their formation.
A virus that lyses bacteria.
Pertaining to or situated near a base.
A rare subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia consisting of lymphoblasts that express surface immunoglobulins and have a chromosomal translocation similar to that of Burkitt's lymphoma. Called also Burkitt-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
In general, any of the single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that commonly multiply by cell division (fission) and whose cell is typically contained within a cell wall. They may be aerobic or anaerobic, motile or nonmotile, and may be free-living, saprophytic, parasitic, or even pathogenic, the last causing disease in plants or animals.
The term applied to the early keratinocyte, present in the basal layer of the epidermis; called also foot cell.
B cells; bursa-dependent lymphocytes and their counterparts in nonavian vertebrates, the cells primarily responsible for humoral immunity, the precursors of antibody-producing cells (plasma cells). In birds B cell maturation takes place in the bursa of Fabricius; the hypothesized analogous tissue in other vertebrates was termed the "bursa-equivalent" tissue. It now appears that B cell maturation occurs primarily in the bone marrow in mammals. B cells are characterized by the presence of surface immunoglobulin, monomeric IgM or IgD, which constitutes the B-cell antigen receptors. When stimulated by antigen, a process that requires the cooperation of helper T cells and macrophages, B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells. The entire clone of cells descended from a single activated B cell produces immunoglobulins having the same antigen combining site as that in the antigen receptors of the original cell; thus all of the antibody produced and all of the memory cells are specific for the antigen that induced their formation.
1. An allurement; enticement.
2. To lure; captivate.
See decidua basalis.
Pertaining to bacilli or to rodlike forms.
1. An instrument for weighing.
2. The harmonious adjustment of parts; the harmonious performance of functions.
3. Equilibrium (definition 1).
Basal nuclei: specific interconnected group of masses of gray substance deep in the cerebral hemispheres and the upper brain stem. Although various subcortical nuclei have been considered to be part of the basal nuclei, in official anatomical terminology the term includes the nucleus caudatus, nucleus lentiformis, corpus striatum, capsula interna, and corona radiata (including the capsula externa and capsula extrema).
Plural of "bacillus."
Alopecia, especially of the scalp.
Stratum basale epidermidis.
1. The rear or dorsal part of the human body; called also dorsum. Also, the corresponding part of a lower animal.
2. The part or surface opposite the front.
3. To, toward, or at the rear.
4. So as to be restrained or retarded.
5. To, toward, or in a former place or state.
6. In return or reply.
7. Moving or operating backward.
An elongated area with parallel or roughly parallel borders that is distinct from the surrounding surface by its color, texture, or other characteristics. See chromosome band.
Basement membrane.
1. Columna vertebralis: The bony column in the back of a vertebrate that is the chief support of the trunk and consists of a jointed series of vertebrae enclosing and protecting the spinal cord.
2. Firm resolute character.
1. The act of encircling and binding with a thin strip of material.
2. Any of several techniques of staining chromosomes so that a characteristic pattern of transverse dark and light bands becomes visible. See chromosome banding.
Nuclei basales: specific interconnected group of masses of gray substance deep in the cerebral hemispheres and the upper brain stem. Although various subcortical nuclei have been considered to be part of the basal nuclei, in official anatomical terminology the term includes the nucleus caudatus, nucleus lentiformis, corpus striatum, capsula interna, and corona radiata (including the capsula externa and capsula extrema). Called also basal ganglia.
The flowing of a current in a direction the reverse of that normally taken; regurgitation.
Having sharp projections extending backward (as from the point of an arrow).
1. The main ingredient of a compound.
2. In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.
3. In genetics, a nucleotide, particularly one in a nucleic acid sequence.
4. Indicating the bottom of an organ or other object.
5. Foundation.
6. A side or face on which a geometrical figure stands; also, the length of a base.
7. The point of beginning an act or operation.
8. A place on which a force depends for supplies.
9. A number (as 5 in 57) that is raised to a power; especially, a number that when raised to a power equal to the logarithm of a number yields the number itself (the logarithm of 100 to ~ 10 is 2 since 102 = 100).
10. The number of units in a given digit's place of a number system that is required to give the numeral 1 in the next higher place (the decimal system uses a ~ of 10); also, such a system using an indicated base (convert from ~ 10 to ~ 2).
11. Any of the four stations at the corners of a baseball diamond.
12. To form or serve as a base for.
13. Establish.
14. Of inferior quality; debased, alloyed.
15. Contemptible, ignoble.
16. Menial, degrading.
17. Of little value.
Plural of bacterium.
Bacteria - In former systems of classification, a division of the kingdom Procaryotae, including all prokaryotic organisms except the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria).
Pressure sense.
The dissociation constant describing the ionization of a base. Symbol Kb.
Plural of bacterium.
Bacteria - In former systems of classification, a division of the kingdom Procaryotae, including all prokaryotic organisms except the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria).
Baroreceptor.
The foundation or lowest number.
Pertaining to or caused by bacteria.
A type of interoceptor that is stimulated by changes in pressure, particularly those in the walls of blood vessels. Called also baroceptor and pressoreceptor.
The composition of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence.
See colony.
Sex chromatin.
See codon.
The study of mechanisms of heredity in bacteria.
See "acute idiopathic polyneuritis."
An observation or value that represents the normal background level, or an initial level, of a measurable quantity; used for comparison with values representing response to experimental intervention or an environmental stimulus, usually implying that the baseline and response values refer to the same individual or system.