Many of the scientific terms found in the abstracts, articles and lay translations presented on our site are included in this section. We are continually adding terminology found in both new and existing documents.
| N | necrotizing |
|---|
Symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal.
Causing necrosis.
Symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal.
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia.
1. To become or cause to become established as if native.
2. To confer the rights of a citizen on.
The amino terminus of the AQP2.
See "matrix unguis."
1. The inherent quality or basic constitution of a person or thing.
2. Kind, sort.
3. Disposition, temperament.
4. The physical universe.
5. One's natural instincts or way of life; also, primitive state.
6. Natural scenery or environment.
As 'n' - symbol for nano-, refractive index , and neutron .
As 'n' - symbol for (haploid) chromosome number , refractive index , and (in statistics) sample size .
As N - symbol for newton , nitrogen , and for normal (solution), used with a number designating the strength of the solution relative to the normal, e.g., N/2 or 0.5 N for half-normal. Also, symbol for asparagine .
As N - symbol for normal (see N above), number , Avogadro's number , neutron number , and (in statistics) population size .
As ν (nu, the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet), symbol for degrees of freedom , frequency (definition 1), neutrino , and kinematic viscosity .
See "matrix unguis."
An unpleasant sensation, vaguely referred to the epigastrium and abdomen, and often culminating in vomiting.
The amino terminus of the AQP2.
See "matrix unguis."
To affect with nausea.
The amino (NH2) end of a polypeptide chain, conventionally written to the left; called also NH2-terminal.
1. Ungues.
2. Rods of metal, bone, or other material used for fixation of the ends or the fragments of fractured bones.
The umbilicus: a depression in the middle of the abdomen that marks the point of attachment of fetus and mother.
Also, N-terminal. The amino (NH2) end of a polypeptide chain, conventionally written to the left.
A combining form designating small size; used in naming units of measurement to indicate one-billionth (10-9) of the unit designated by the root with which it is combined. Symbol n.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Symbol for refractive index .
A unit of mass (weight) of the metric system, being one one-billionth (10-9) gram; abbreviated ng. Called also millimicrocurie .
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus FoundationMain Street -- P.O. Box 1390Eastsound, WA 98245(voice) 888-376-6343(fax) 888-376-3842
NDIF Ref. No.:
510
Abstract
TITLE:
Diabetes Insipidus in Uricase-Deficient Mice: A Model for Evaluating Therapy with Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Modified Uricase
AUTHOR:
Kelly, S.J.; Delnomdedieu, M.; Oliverio, M.I.; Williams, L.D.; Saifer, M.G.; Sherman, M.R.; Coffman, T.M.; Johnson, G.A.; Hershfield, M.S.
PUBLISHER:
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
DATE:
2001, May 1
ABSTRACT:
Uricase-deficient mice develop uric acid nephropathy, with high mortality rates before weaning. Urate excretion was quantitated and renal function was better defined in this study, to facilitate the use of these mice as a model for evaluating poly(ethylene glycol)-modified recombinant mammalian uricases (PEG-uricase) as a potential therapy for gout and uric acid nephropathy. The uric acid/creatinine ratio in the urine of uricase-deficient mice ranges from 10 to >30; on a weight basis, these mice excrete 20- to 40-fold more urate than do human subjects. These mice consistently develop a severe defect in renal concentrating ability, resulting in an approximately sixfold greater urine volume and a fivefold greater fluid requirement, compared with normal mice. This nephrogenic diabetes insipidus leads to dehydration and death of nursing mice but, with adequate water replacement, high urine flow protects adults from progressive renal damage. Treatment of uricase-deficient mice with PEG-uricase markedly reduced urate levels and, when initiated before weaning, preserved the renal architecture (as evaluated by magnetic resonance microscopy) and prevented the loss of renal concentrating function. PEG-uricase was far more effective and less immunogenic than unmodified uricase. Retention of uricase in most mammals and its loss in humans and some other primates may reflect the evolution of renal function under different environmental conditions. PEG-uricase could provide an effective therapy for uric acid nephropathy and refractory gout in human patients.
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As Na - Symbol for sodium.
As NA - Symbol for Avogadro's number.
A unit of linear measure equal to one-billionth of a meter, 10-9 meter; abbreviated nm.
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus FoundationMain Street -- P.O. Box 1390Eastsound, WA 98245(voice) 888-376-6343(fax) 888-376-3842
NDIF Ref. No.:
538
Abstract
TITLE:
Cloned human aquaporin-1 is a cyclic GMP-gated ion channel.
AUTHOR:
Anthony TL, Brooks HL, Boassa D, Leonov S, Yanochko GM, Regan JW, Yool AJ
PUBLISHER:
Molecular Pharmacology
DATE:
03-01-00
ABSTRACT:
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a member of the membrane intrinsic protein (MIP) gene family and is known to provide pathways for water flux across cell membranes. We show here that cloned human AQP1 not only mediates water flux but also serves as a cGMP-gated ion channel. Two-electrode voltage-clamp analyses showed consistent activation of an ionic conductance in wild-type AQP1-expressing oocytes after the direct injection of cGMP (50 nl of 100 mM). Current activation was not observed in control (water-injected) oocytes or in AQP5-expressing oocytes with osmotic water permeabilities equivalent to those seen with AQP1. Patch-clamp recordings revealed large conductance channels (150 pS in K(+) saline) in excised patches from AQP1-expressing oocytes after the application of cGMP to the internal side. Amino acid sequence alignments between AQP1 and sensory cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels showed similarities between the cyclic-nucleotide-gated binding domain and the AQP1 carboxyl terminus that were not present in AQP5. Competitive radioligand-binding assays with [(3)H]cGMP demonstrated specific binding (K(D) = 0.2 microM) in AQP1-expressing Sf9 cells but not in controls. These results indicate that AQP1 channels have the capacity to participate in ionic signaling after the activation of cGMP second-messenger pathways.
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See Na+,K+-ATPase .
Abbreviation for type 2 Na-P(i) cotransporter.
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus FoundationMain Street -- P.O. Box 1390Eastsound, WA 98245(voice) 888-376-6343(fax) 888-376-3842
NDIF Ref. No.:
539
Abstract
TITLE:
Sorting Functions of the Individual Cytoplasmic Domains of the G Protein-Coupled Vasopressin V2 Receptor in Madin Darby Canine Kidney Epithelial Cells.
AUTHOR:
Hermosilla R, Schnlein R
PUBLISHER:
Molecular Pharmacology
DATE:
11-01-01
ABSTRACT:
Previous studies have shown that the G protein-coupled human vasopressin V2 receptor (V2 receptor) is expressed predominantly in the basolateral membrane of Madin Darby canine kidney type II (MDCKII) epithelial cells at steady state. Here we have assessed the influence of the individual cytoplasmic domains of the V2 receptor on polarized sorting in MDCKII cells. The second (ICL2) and third (ICL3) intracellular loops and the C-terminal tail were fused separately to a green fluorescent protein-tagged receptor fragment comprising the first transmembrane domain and flanking regions. We show that the ICL2 domain of the V2 receptor alone promotes basolateral cell surface expression and thus seems to contain the basolateral sorting signal of the V2 receptor. Fusion of the other cytoplasmic domains, however, does not lead to a randomized cell surface expression. The C-terminal tail of the V2 receptor promotes apical targeting. Fusion of ICL3 leads to a receptor fragment that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The results are consistent with a model in which the V2 receptor contains signals for both apical and basolateral cell surface expression, the latter being dominant. Furthermore, ICL3 may contain a retinoid X receptor ER retention signal, which is not accessible in the correctly folded full-length receptor but which is unmasked when ICL3 is fused alone.
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An enzyme that spans the plasma membrane and hydrolyzes ATP to provide the energy necessary to drive the cellular sodium pump.
Pertaining to the nose.
Myopia.
Sodium pump.
Tunica mucosa nasi , the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity; called also schneiderian membrane .
1. A slight corneal opacity or scar that can be seen only by oblique illumination; it seldom interferes with vision.
2. Cloudiness in urine.
3. An oily preparation for use in an atomizer.
Sodium chloride.
See nervus nasociliaris .
1. Cervix (def. 1).
2. A constricted part; See also collum .
The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Normal to a location; unaltered from its natural state.
Examination of a body after death.
The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
The excretion of sodium in the urine.
Localized death of living tissue.
A plasma membrane -associated enzyme complex that catalyzes the univalent reduction of oxygen using NADPH as an electron donor; the superoxide anion formed acts as an oxidant in the phagocyte microbicidal system, proceeding through a series of electron transfer reactions that form the respirator burst. Various genetic defects in the system result in chronic granulomatous disease.
1. Neither artificial nor pathologic.
2. Determined by nature; inborn, innate.
3. Born.
4. Illegitimate.
5. Human.
6. Of or relating to nature.
7. Being simple and sincere; not affected.
8. Lifelike.
9. Being neither sharp nor flat.
10. Idiot.
11. A character placed on a line or space of the musical staff to nullify the effect of a preceding sharp or flat.
12. One obviously suitable for a purpose.
13. Afro.
Causing necrosis.