DNA molecule

DEFINITION:

Deoxyribonucleic acid molecule.

synthesis

DEFINITION:

The artificial building up of a chemical compound, by the union of its elements or from other suitable starting materials.

polypeptide chain

DEFINITION:

The structural element of protein, consisting of a series of amino acid residues (peptides) joined together by peptide bonds.

RNA molecule

DEFINITION:

Ribonucleic acid molecule.

coding

DEFINITION:

See genetic coding.

coding

DEFINITION:

See genetic coding.

heredity

DEFINITION:

1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring.
2. The genetic constitution of an individual.

transmitted

DEFINITION:

1. Passed or transferred, as of a disease from one individual to another, or of neural impulses from one neuron to another.

2. Referring to heritable qualities communicated from parent to offspring.

progeny

DEFINITION:

Offspring, or descendants.

gene

DEFINITION:

A segment of a DNA molecule that contains all the information required for synthesis of a product (polypeptide chain or RNA molecule), including both coding and non-coding sequences. It is the biological unit of heredity, self-reproducing, and transmitted from parent to progeny. Each gene has a specific position (locus) on the chromosome map. From the standpoint of function, genes are conceived of as structural, operator, and regulatory genes.

wild-type gene - The normal allele of a gene, sometimes symbolized by +.

X-linked gene - A gene carried on the X chromosome; the corresponding trait, whether dominant or recessive, is always expressed in males, who have only one X chromosome. X linkage is used sometimes synonymously with sex linkage since no genetic disorders have as yet been associated with genes on the Y chromosome.

locus

DEFINITION:

1. A general anatomical term for a site in the body.
2. In genetics, the position of a gene on a chromosome, different forms of genes (alleles) being found at the same position on homologous chromosomes.

operator

DEFINITION:

1. One who performs an operation, or operates a mechanical device.
2. Operator gene .

regulatory

DEFINITION:

Exerting a controlling influence.

wild-type

DEFINITION:

In genetics, the standard phenotype for any experimental organism; also a gene that determines a standard phenotypic trait. See also under gene .

gene

DEFINITION:

A segment of a DNA molecule that contains all the information required for synthesis of a product (polypeptide chain or RNA molecule), including both coding and non-coding sequences. It is the biological unit of heredity, self-reproducing, and transmitted from parent to progeny. Each gene has a specific position (locus) on the chromosome map. From the standpoint of function, genes are conceived of as structural, operator, and regulatory genes.

wild-type gene - The normal allele of a gene, sometimes symbolized by +.

X-linked gene - A gene carried on the X chromosome; the corresponding trait, whether dominant or recessive, is always expressed in males, who have only one X chromosome. X linkage is used sometimes synonymously with sex linkage since no genetic disorders have as yet been associated with genes on the Y chromosome.

allele

DEFINITION:

Any alternative form of a gene that can occupy a particular chromosomal lucus. In humans and other diploid organisms there are two alleles, one on each chromosome of a homologous pair.

gene

DEFINITION:

A segment of a DNA molecule that contains all the information required for synthesis of a product (polypeptide chain or RNA molecule), including both coding and non-coding sequences. It is the biological unit of heredity, self-reproducing, and transmitted from parent to progeny. Each gene has a specific position (locus) on the chromosome map. From the standpoint of function, genes are conceived of as structural, operator, and regulatory genes.

wild-type gene - The normal allele of a gene, sometimes symbolized by +.

X-linked gene - A gene carried on the X chromosome; the corresponding trait, whether dominant or recessive, is always expressed in males, who have only one X chromosome. X linkage is used sometimes synonymously with sex linkage since no genetic disorders have as yet been associated with genes on the Y chromosome.

X-linked gene

DEFINITION:

A gene carried on the X chromosome; the corresponding trait, whether dominant or recessive, is always expressed in males, who have only one X chromosome. X linkage is used sometimes synonymously with sex linkage since no genetic disorders have as yet been associated with genes on the Y chromosome.

gene

DEFINITION:

A segment of a DNA molecule that contains all the information required for synthesis of a product (polypeptide chain or RNA molecule), including both coding and non-coding sequences. It is the biological unit of heredity, self-reproducing, and transmitted from parent to progeny. Each gene has a specific position (locus) on the chromosome map. From the standpoint of function, genes are conceived of as structural, operator, and regulatory genes.

wild-type gene - The normal allele of a gene, sometimes symbolized by +.

X-linked gene - A gene carried on the X chromosome; the corresponding trait, whether dominant or recessive, is always expressed in males, who have only one X chromosome. X linkage is used sometimes synonymously with sex linkage since no genetic disorders have as yet been associated with genes on the Y chromosome.

X chromosome

DEFINITION:

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in man and other male-heterogametic species.

corresponding

DEFINITION:

Agreeing or conforming.

trait

DEFINITION:

1. Any genetically determined characteristic.

2. Commonly used in medicine to designate the condition prevailing in the heterozygous state of a recessive disorder, as in sickle cell anemia.

3. A distinctive behavior pattern.

dominant

DEFINITION:

1. Exerting a ruling or controlling influence.

2. In genetics, capable of expression when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes.

3. A dominant allele or trait.

recessive

DEFINITION:

1. Tending to recede; not exerting a ruling or controlling influence; in genetics, incapable of expression unless the responsible allele is carried by both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes.
2. A recessive allele or trait.

expressed

DEFINITION:

1. Showing a detectable effect of a gene.

2. Made known; shown.

3. Squeezed out; extracted by pressing.

X chromosome

DEFINITION:

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in man and other male-heterogametic species.

X linkage

DEFINITION:

In genetics, the association of genes having loci on the same chromosome (the X chromosome).

sex linkage

DEFINITION:

In genetics, the association of genes having loci on the same chromosome (the X chromosome).

genetic

DEFINITION:

1. Relating to or determined by the origin, development, or causal antecedents of something.

2. Of, relating to, or being a gene.

disorders

DEFINITION:

Derangements or abnormalities of function; morbid physical or mental states.

Y chromosome

DEFINITION:

The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in man and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.